European Union

Population on 1 January 450,646,971ep (Source flag ep) people 2025 · Eurostat Population by age and sex 450,646,971ep (Source flag ep) people 2025 · Eurostat Crude birth rate 7.7ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Crude death rate 10.7ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Total fertility rate 1.34ep (Source flag ep) births per woman 2024 · Eurostat Population aged 65 and over 22.0%ep (Source flag ep) 2025 · Eurostat Median age of the population 44.9ep (Source flag ep) years 2025 · Eurostat Old-age dependency ratio 34.5ep (Source flag ep) per 100 working-age people 2025 · Eurostat Natural population change -3.0ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Population 451,127,411 people 2025 · World Bank Population growth 0.20% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 65 and over 22.4% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 0 to 14 14.2% 2025 · World Bank Fertility rate 1.34 births per woman 2024 · World Bank Crude birth rate 7.9 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Crude death rate 10.7 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Urban population share 75.2% 2025 · World Bank Adolescent birth rate 6.5 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 · World Bank Age dependency ratio 57.9 per 100 working-age people 2025 · World Bank Population density 112.6 people per km² 2023 · World Bank Urban population growth 0.39% 2025 · World Bank

Immigration 5,684,984ip (Source flag ip) immigrants 2024 · Eurostat Emigration 3,166,449ep (Source flag ep) emigrants 2024 · Eurostat Acquisitions of citizenship 1,177,232 people 2024 · Eurostat First-time asylum applicants 672,350 applicants 2025 · Eurostat Net migration rate 4.6ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Net migration -317,019 people 2025 · World Bank International migrant stock 14.1% 2024 · World Bank Personal remittances received 0.8% 2025 · World Bank

Unemployment rate, ages 15 to 74 6.0% 2025 · Eurostat Youth unemployment rate, ages 15 to 24 15.2% 2025 · Eurostat Long-term unemployment rate 1.9% 2025 · Eurostat Employment rate, ages 20 to 64 76.1% 2025 · Eurostat Employment rate of women, ages 20 to 64 71.3% 2025 · Eurostat Monthly unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted) 6.2% September 2026 · Eurostat Usual weekly working hours 37.0 hours per week 2025 · Eurostat Part-time employment 17.7% 2025 · Eurostat Monthly youth unemployment 15.5% September 2026 · Eurostat Employment of older workers 66.4% 2025 · Eurostat Employment in agriculture 3.2% 2025 · World Bank Employment in industry 23.9% 2025 · World Bank Employment in services 72.9% 2025 · World Bank

Median equivalised net income €22,939 per year 2025 · Eurostat Unadjusted gender pay gap 11.1%p (Provisional) 2024 · Eurostat Hourly labour cost €34.9 per hour 2025 · Eurostat Net annual earnings €29,954 per year 2025 · Eurostat

GDP per capita in euro €41,770 per person 2025 · Eurostat GDP per capita in PPS 100 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Real GDP growth 1.4% 2025 · Eurostat GDP in euro 18,884,566 million € 2025 · Eurostat Quarterly GDP growth (seasonally adjusted) 0.5% Q3 2026 · Eurostat Labour productivity growth 1.3% 2025 · Eurostat GDP growth, year on year 1.5% Q3 2026 · Eurostat GDP in US dollars US$21.24 trillion 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita in US dollars US$47,089 per person 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita, PPP Int$55,087 per person 2025 · World Bank GNI per capita, Atlas method US$45,064 per person 2025 · World Bank Real GDP growth 1.5% 2025 · World Bank Services share of GDP 65.9% 2025 · World Bank Investment share of GDP 22.0% 2025 · World Bank Savings share of GDP 24.3% 2025 · World Bank Household consumption per person US$18,817 per person 2025 · World Bank

HICP inflation 2.5% 2025 · Eurostat HICP price index 132.86 (2015 = 100) 2025 · Eurostat Monthly HICP inflation 3.8% September 2026 · Eurostat Consumer price level index 100 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Food price inflation (HICP) 3.2% 2025 · Eurostat Energy price inflation (HICP) -0.6% 2025 · Eurostat Consumer price inflation 2.5% 2025 · World Bank Inflation measured by the GDP deflator 3.2% 2025 · World Bank

House price change 5.5% 2025 · Eurostat Housing cost overburden rate 7.6% 2025 · Eurostat Overcrowding rate 16.8% 2025 · Eurostat Home ownership rate 68.5% 2025 · Eurostat Inability to keep home adequately warm 8.8% 2025 · Eurostat Average household size 2.3 people per household 2025 · Eurostat House prices, quarterly 4.7% Q2 2026 · Eurostat Arrears on utility bills 7.0% 2025 · Eurostat Slum population 0.5% 2022 · World Bank

NEET rate, ages 15 to 29 11.0% 2025 · Eurostat Tertiary education attainment, ages 25 to 34 44.8% 2025 · Eurostat Early leavers from education and training 9.1% 2025 · Eurostat Adult participation in learning 13.7% 2025 · Eurostat Education spending 4.7% 2022 · World Bank Primary school enrolment (gross) 102.4% 2024 · World Bank Tertiary education enrolment (gross) 79.5% 2024 · World Bank Primary school completion rate 97.3% 2024 · World Bank Secondary school enrolment (gross) 107.0% 2024 · World Bank

Life expectancy at birth 81.5ep (Source flag ep) years 2024 · Eurostat Infant mortality rate 3.5 per 1,000 live births 2024 · Eurostat Hospital beds 507 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat People reporting good or very good health 67.9% 2025 · Eurostat Health spending share of GDP 10.2% 2024 · Eurostat Healthy life years at birth 65.2 years 2024 · Eurostat Life expectancy at age 65 20.2ep (Source flag ep) years 2024 · Eurostat Adults with obesity 16.0% 2019 · Eurostat Daily smokers 19.3% 2019 · Eurostat Life expectancy at birth 81.6 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, women 84.2 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, men 79.0 years 2024 · World Bank Health spending share of GDP 10.5% 2024 · World Bank Under-five mortality rate 3.9 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Infant mortality rate 3.2 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Maternal mortality ratio 5 per 100,000 live births 2023 · World Bank Physicians 4.15 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Hospital beds 5.1 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Measles immunisation 94% 2024 · World Bank Tobacco use 25.8% 2024 · World Bank Out-of-pocket health spending 13.0% 2024 · World Bank Health spending per person US$5,005 per person 2024 · World Bank Diabetes prevalence 7.6% 2024 · World Bank Neonatal mortality rate 2.3 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank HIV incidence 0.12 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2023 · World Bank

Households with internet access 94.8% 2025 · Eurostat Internet use in the last three months 93.8% 2025 · Eurostat Daily internet use 89.5% 2025 · Eurostat Basic digital skills 60.4% 2025 · Eurostat Online shopping 73.6% 2025 · Eurostat ICT specialists in employment 5.0%e (Estimated) 2025 · Eurostat Mobile subscriptions 124 per 100 people 2022 · World Bank Fixed broadband subscriptions 38.7 per 100 people 2022 · World Bank

Industrial production 100.4 (2021 = 100) 2025 · Eurostat Enterprise birth rate 10.4% 2024 · Eurostat Monthly industrial production -0.2% August 2026 · Eurostat Industry share of GDP 22.2% 2025 · World Bank Manufacturing share of GDP 14.3% 2025 · World Bank

Exports share of GDP 49.6% 2025 · Eurostat Imports share of GDP 46.1% 2025 · Eurostat Exports share of GDP 49.6% 2025 · World Bank Imports share of GDP 45.8% 2025 · World Bank Trade as a share of GDP 90.1% 2025 · World Bank Foreign direct investment inflows 1.2% 2025 · World Bank High-technology exports 20.6% 2024 · World Bank

Nights spent in tourist accommodation 3,144,708,974 nights 2025 · Eurostat Arrivals at tourist accommodation 1,103,070,016 arrivals 2025 · Eurostat Bed-place occupancy rate in hotels 49.9% 2025 · Eurostat

Car share of passenger transport 82.5%be (Source flag be) 2024 · Eurostat Car ownership 584 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 4.4ep (Source flag ep) per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Rail passenger transport 429,575 million passenger-km 2023 · Eurostat Road share of inland freight transport 78.2%e (Estimated) 2024 · Eurostat New zero-emission cars 17.3% 2025 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 5.6 per 100,000 people 2019 · World Bank Air passengers carried 700,152,461 passengers 2023 · World Bank

Renewable energy share 26.2%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Renewable electricity share 49.9%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Energy import dependency 57.3% 2024 · Eurostat Electricity price for households €0.2832 per kWh H1 2026 · Eurostat Natural gas price for households €0.1103 per kWh H1 2026 · Eurostat Primary energy consumption 1,193.7 Mtoe 2024 · Eurostat Access to electricity 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Clean cooking access 98.9% 2024 · World Bank Renewable energy share 21.1% 2020 · World Bank Fossil electricity share 30.9% 2023 · World Bank Net energy imports 62.5% 2023 · World Bank

Total greenhouse gas emissions 3,017.2 Mt CO2e 2024 · Eurostat Total greenhouse gas emissions 3,164.7 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Greenhouse gas emissions per person 7.0 t CO2e per person 2024 · World Bank CO2 emissions per person 5.47 t CO2 per person 2024 · World Bank Methane emissions 428.5 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Nitrous oxide emissions 205.36 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank

Forest area 40.1% 2023 · World Bank Protected areas 21.1% 2025 · World Bank PM2.5 air pollution exposure 11.0 µg/m³ 2023 · World Bank Terrestrial protected areas 26.6% 2025 · World Bank

Municipal waste generated per person 513i (Source flag i) kg per person 2024 · Eurostat Recycling rate of municipal waste 49.4%i (Source flag i) 2024 · Eurostat Total waste generated per person 4,872i (Source flag i) kg per person 2024 · Eurostat Basic drinking water access 99.1% 2024 · World Bank Basic sanitation access 98.5% 2024 · World Bank Renewable internal freshwater per person 3,041 m³ per person 2022 · World Bank

Area under organic farming 9.1%e (Estimated) 2020 · Eurostat Agriculture share of GDP 1.6% 2025 · World Bank Cereal yield 5,329 kg per hectare 2023 · World Bank Agricultural land 40.3% 2023 · World Bank Capture fisheries production 3,545,367 tonnes 2024 · World Bank Prevalence of undernourishment 2.5% 2024 · World Bank Food production index 100.0 (2014-16 = 100) 2020 · World Bank Fertiliser use 126.4 kg per hectare 2023 · World Bank Land area 3,988,313 km² 2023 · World Bank

At-risk-of-poverty rate 16.3% 2025 · Eurostat Poverty or social exclusion rate 20.9% 2025 · Eurostat Income inequality (Gini) 29.2 (0 to 100) 2025 · Eurostat Income quintile share ratio (S80/S20) 4.62 times 2025 · Eurostat Severe material and social deprivation 6.3% 2025 · Eurostat

Government debt 81.5% 2025 · Eurostat Government deficit or surplus -3.1% 2025 · Eurostat Government spending 49.4% 2025 · Eurostat Tax-to-GDP ratio 40.7% 2025 · Eurostat Government spending on health 7.3% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on education 4.7% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on social protection 19.5% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on defence 1.5% 2024 · Eurostat Government debt, quarterly 82.9%p (Provisional) Q2 2026 · Eurostat Tax revenue 19.8% 2024 · World Bank Central government expense 39.3% 2022 · World Bank

R&D spending share of GDP 2.26%e (Estimated) 2024 · Eurostat Researchers as a share of the labour force 1.04%e (Estimated) 2024 · Eurostat European patent applications 152.6ep (Source flag ep) per million people 2025 · Eurostat R&D spending share of GDP 2.26% 2023 · World Bank Researchers per million people 4,741 per million people 2023 · World Bank Scientific and technical journal articles 558,077 articles 2023 · World Bank

Crime or vandalism in the area 10.0% 2023 · Eurostat Intentional homicides 1.0 per 100,000 people 2015 · World Bank

Cultural employment 4.3% 2025 · Eurostat Average life satisfaction 7.2 out of 10 2025 · Eurostat Women in national parliament 33.0% 2025 · World Bank