Population and ageing
Explore population size, age structure, births, deaths and demographic change. This page lists 30 measures from Eurostat, UN Population Division, World Bank. There are also 10 related measures filed under other topics.
From Eurostat
Population on 1 January, by region
Number of people usually resident in the region on 1 January of the year.
Population density, by region
Average population of the year divided by the land area of the region, in people per square kilometre.
Median age of the population, by region
The age that divides the population of the region on 1 January into two halves of equal size.
Old-age dependency ratio, by region
People aged 65 or over as a percentage of people aged 15 to 64 in the region on 1 January.
Total fertility rate, by region
The average number of children a woman in the region would have over her lifetime if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of the year.
Population on 1 January
The number of people usually resident in the country on 1 January of the year. It is a stock count on one date, not an annual average.
Population by age group and sex
The number of people usually resident on 1 January, by sex and five-year age group. The age structure is shown as a population pyramid on each country...
Crude birth rate (Eurostat)
Live births during the year per 1,000 people in the average population of that year.
Crude death rate (Eurostat)
Deaths during the year per 1,000 people in the average population of that year. It is not age-standardised, so countries with older populations have h...
Total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of the year. About 2.1 is ofte...
Share of population aged 65 and over (Eurostat)
People aged 65 or over as a share of the total population on 1 January.
Median age of the population
The age that divides the population into two equal halves on 1 January: half the people are younger and half are older.
Old-age dependency ratio
People aged 65 or over per 100 people aged 15 to 64 on 1 January. It describes age structure only; it does not measure who works or receives a pension...
Natural population change
Live births minus deaths during the year, per 1,000 people in the average population. A negative value means more deaths than births.
From UN Population Division
Population, estimates and projections to 2100
Total population on 1 July. Estimates up to 2023 and medium-variant projections from 2024 to 2100 by the UN Population Division, based on assumed futu...
Median age, estimates and projections to 2100
The age that divides the population into two halves of equal size, on 1 July. UN estimates up to 2023 and medium-variant projections from 2024.
Total fertility rate, estimates and projections to 2100
The average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime at the age-specific fertility rates of the year. UN estimates up to 2023 and mediu...
Population growth rate, estimates and projections to 2100
Average exponential rate of change of the total population over the year, in percent, including births, deaths and migration. UN estimates up to 2023...
From World Bank
Population (UN estimates)
Total population counting all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship, as midyear estimates. Figures for recent years can be revised with...
Population growth
The exponential rate of growth of midyear population from the previous year to this year.
Share of population aged 65 and over (UN estimates)
People aged 65 and above as a percentage of the total midyear population, de facto definition.
Share of population aged 0 to 14
Children aged 0 to 14 as a percentage of the total midyear population.
Fertility rate (UN estimates)
The number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if she experienced the current age-specific fertility rates.
Crude birth rate (UN estimates)
Live births during the year per 1,000 people, estimated at midyear.
Crude death rate (UN estimates)
Deaths during the year per 1,000 people, estimated at midyear. Not age-standardised.
Urban population share
People living in urban areas as defined by each national statistical office, as a share of the total population. National definitions of urban areas d...
Adolescent birth rate
Births to women aged 15 to 19 per 1,000 women of that age.
Age dependency ratio
People younger than 15 or older than 64 per 100 people aged 15 to 64.
Population density
Midyear population divided by land area in square kilometres.
Urban population growth
The annual growth rate of the population living in urban areas as defined nationally.
Related measures in other topics
Life expectancy at birth, by region
The number of years a newborn would live on average if the death rates by age in the region in that year stayed the same throughout life.
Life expectancy at birth (Eurostat)
The average number of years a newborn would live if the death rates of the reference year stayed the same throughout life. Both sexes combined.
Infant mortality rate (Eurostat)
Deaths of children under one year of age during the year per 1,000 live births in the same year.
Life expectancy at age 65
The average number of further years a person aged 65 would live if the death rates of the reference year stayed the same for the rest of their life.
Net migration rate
The difference between immigration and emigration during the year, per 1,000 people, estimated by Eurostat as total population change minus natural ch...
Employment rate, ages 55 to 64
Employed people aged 55 to 64 as a share of the total population of that age, from the EU Labour Force Survey.
Life expectancy at birth, estimates and projections to 2100
The average number of years a newborn would live if the death rates of the year stayed the same throughout life. UN estimates up to 2023 and medium-va...
Life expectancy at age 65, estimates and projections to 2100
The average number of further years a person aged 65 would live at the death rates of the year. UN estimates up to 2023 and medium-variant projections...
Life expectancy at birth (UN estimates)
The number of years a newborn would live if the mortality patterns at the time of birth stayed the same throughout life.
Land area
A country's total area excluding inland water bodies such as major rivers and lakes.