Total fertility rate
The average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates of the year. About 2.1 is often used as the replacement level in low-mortality countries.
Highest in 2024
1.78 births per womane (estimated)
Moldova
Lowest in 2024
1.01 births per woman
Malta
European Union, 2024
1.34 births per womanep (estimated, provisional)
Official aggregate published by the source
Countries ranked for 2024
38
Updated by the source on 30 September 2026
38 countries have a value for 2024, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
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The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Live births per woman. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union | Germany | France | Spain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 1.34 births per womanep (estimated, provisional) | 1.36 births per woman | 1.61 births per womanp (provisional) | 1.10 births per woman |
| 2023 | 1.38 births per womanbep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) | 1.39 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.66 births per womanp (provisional) | 1.12 births per woman |
| 2022 | 1.46 births per womanbep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) | 1.46 births per woman | 1.78 births per womanp (provisional) | 1.16 births per woman |
| 2021 | 1.53 births per womanep (estimated, provisional) | 1.58 births per woman | 1.83 births per woman | 1.18 births per woman |
| 2020 | 1.51 births per womanbep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) | 1.53 births per woman | 1.82 births per woman | 1.18 births per woman |
| 2019 | 1.53 births per womanbep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) | 1.54 births per woman | 1.86 births per woman | 1.23 births per woman |
| 2018 | 1.54 births per womanep (estimated, provisional) | 1.57 births per woman | 1.87 births per womanp (provisional) | 1.26 births per woman |
| 2017 | 1.56 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.57 births per woman | 1.89 births per woman | 1.31 births per woman |
| 2016 | 1.57 births per woman | 1.60 births per woman | 1.92 births per woman | 1.33 births per woman |
| 2015 | 1.54 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.50 births per woman | 1.96 births per woman | 1.33 births per woman |
| 2014 | 1.54 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.47 births per woman | 2.00 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.32 births per woman |
| 2013 | 1.51 births per woman | 1.42 births per woman | 1.99 births per woman | 1.27 births per woman |
| 2012 | 1.54 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.41 births per woman | 2.01 births per woman | 1.32 births per woman |
| 2011 | 1.54 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.39 births per womanb (break in time series) | 2.01 births per woman | 1.34 births per woman |
| 2010 | 1.57 births per womanb (break in time series) | 1.39 births per woman | 2.03 births per woman | 1.37 births per woman |
| 2009 | 1.56 births per woman | 1.36 births per woman | 2.00 births per woman | 1.38 births per woman |
| 2008 | 1.57 births per woman | 1.38 births per woman | 2.01 births per woman | 1.45 births per woman |
| 2007 | 1.52 births per woman | 1.37 births per woman | 1.98 births per woman | 1.38 births per woman |
| 2006 | 1.50 births per woman | 1.33 births per woman | 2.00 births per woman | 1.36 births per woman |
| 2005 | 1.47 births per woman | 1.34 births per woman | 1.94 births per woman | 1.33 births per woman |
| 2004 | 1.46 births per woman | 1.36 births per woman | 1.92 births per woman | 1.31 births per woman |
| 2003 | 1.44 births per woman | 1.34 births per woman | 1.89 births per woman | 1.30 births per woman |
| 2002 | 1.43 births per woman | 1.34 births per woman | 1.88 births per woman | 1.25 births per woman |
| 2001 | 1.43 births per woman | 1.35 births per woman | 1.90 births per woman | 1.23 births per woman |
| 2000 | – | 1.38 births per woman | 1.89 births per woman | 1.22 births per woman |
Flags: b break in time series; ep estimated, provisional; bep break in time series, estimated, provisional; p provisional . A dash means no value was published.
In short
- Among the 38 countries with a value for 2024, the highest is Moldova (1.78 births per woman) and the lowest Malta (1.01 births per woman).
- Half of the countries are above 1.42 births per woman and half below.
- From 2023 to 2024 the value rose in 5 countries and fell in 30.
- The figure for the European Union was 1.34 births per woman in 2024, against 1.53 births per woman in 2019 (−12.4%). The source marks a break in the series during this period, so part of the change may come from a change in method.
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2024 Every value is for 2024, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Moldova 1.78 births per womane (estimated)
- 2 Montenegro 1.75 births per woman
- 3 Bulgaria 1.72 births per woman
- 4 Georgia 1.69 births per woman
- 5 Albania 1.64 births per woman
- 6 Serbia 1.64 births per woman
- 7 France 1.61 births per womanp (provisional)
- 8 Iceland 1.56 births per woman
- 9 Slovenia 1.52 births per woman
- 10 Türkiye 1.48 births per woman
- 11 Denmark 1.47 births per woman
- 12 Ireland 1.47 births per woman
- 13 Croatia 1.46 births per woman
- 14 Slovakia 1.46 births per woman
- 15 Norway 1.45 births per woman
- 16 Belgium 1.44 births per woman
- 17 North Macedonia 1.44 births per woman
- 18 Netherlands 1.43 births per woman
- 19 Sweden 1.43 births per woman
- 20 Hungary 1.41 births per woman
- 21 Portugal 1.41 births per woman
- 22 Romania 1.39 births per womane (estimated)
- 23 Cyprus 1.38 births per woman
- 24 Liechtenstein 1.37 births per woman
- 25 Czechia 1.36 births per woman
- 26 Germany 1.36 births per woman
- 27 Austria 1.31 births per woman
- 28 Switzerland 1.29 births per woman
- 29 Finland 1.25 births per woman
- 30 Luxembourg 1.25 births per woman
- 31 Greece 1.24 births per woman
- 32 Latvia 1.24 births per woman
- 33 Estonia 1.18 births per woman
- 34 Italy 1.18 births per woman
- 35 Poland 1.14 births per womanep (estimated, provisional)
- 36 Lithuania 1.11 births per woman
- 37 Spain 1.10 births per woman
- 38 Malta 1.01 births per woman
- European Union 1.34 births per womanep (estimated, provisional)
Below the line: groups and aggregates, not ranked.
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Related measures
- Crude birth rate (Eurostat)Eurostat
- Fertility rate (UN estimates)World Bank
In this topic
Map
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Grey: no value for 2024. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.