Provisional, estimated and projected values

What the small letters next to some numbers mean.

Statistical offices mark some values with flags. "p" means provisional: the figure is published early and may be revised. "e" means estimated: part of the data was modelled or imputed.

Projections are different. They describe what a model expects for the current or future years, not something that was measured. On this site projections are drawn as dashed lines and are never used as a country's latest value.

Flags are kept in every table and CSV download. Hover over a flag letter to see its meaning, or select it to open the explanation of all flags.

Measures on this site

• Unemployment rate (ILO modelled estimates) (ILOSTAT)
• Real GDP growth rate (Eurostat) (Eurostat)
• Population on 1 January (Eurostat)