Poverty and social protection
Compare poverty, inequality, deprivation and social protection measures. This page lists 13 measures from Eurostat, World Bank. There are also 12 related measures filed under other topics.
From Eurostat
Disposable household income per inhabitant in purchasing power standards, by region
Net disposable income of private households in the region (income after taxes, social contributions and social benefits) divided by the population, in...
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion, by region
People who are at risk of poverty, severely materially and socially deprived, or living in a household with very low work intensity, as a share of the...
At-risk-of-poverty rate
People with equivalised disposable income, after social transfers, below 60% of the national median. It is a relative measure: it depends on income le...
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion
People who are at risk of poverty, severely materially and socially deprived, or living in a household with very low work intensity. Each person is co...
Gini coefficient of disposable income (Eurostat)
A measure of how equally equivalised disposable income is spread across the population, from 0 (everyone has the same income) to 100 (one person has a...
Income quintile share ratio (S80/S20)
Total income received by the richest 20% of the population divided by the total income of the poorest 20%, using equivalised disposable income.
Severe material and social deprivation
People who cannot afford at least 7 of 13 items considered necessary for an adequate life in Europe, such as paying bills on time, a week's holiday, k...
From World Bank
Gini index (World Bank)
How much the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households differs from a perfectly equal distribution, from 0 (perfect equali...
Income share held by the richest 10%
The share of total income or consumption that goes to the richest 10% of the population, from national household surveys.
Extreme poverty rate at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP)
The share of people living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 international prices, the World Bank's international extreme poverty line.
Poverty rate at national poverty lines
The share of the population living below each country's own national poverty line. National lines differ, so this is best used to follow one country o...
Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP)
The share of people living on less than $4.20 a day at 2021 international prices, the World Bank's poverty line for lower-middle-income countries.
Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP)
The share of people living on less than $8.30 a day at 2021 international prices, the World Bank's poverty line for upper-middle-income countries.
Related measures in other topics
Old-age dependency ratio
People aged 65 or over per 100 people aged 15 to 64 on 1 January. It describes age structure only; it does not measure who works or receives a pension...
Median equivalised net income
The middle value of household disposable income after taxes and social transfers, adjusted for household size and composition (equivalised), per perso...
Housing cost overburden rate
People living in households where total housing costs, net of housing allowances, are more than 40% of disposable income net of housing allowances.
Inability to keep home adequately warm
People who report that their household cannot afford to keep the home adequately warm, from the EU survey on income and living conditions.
Government spending on social protection
Total general government expenditure on social protection (COFOG division 10: pensions, sickness and disability, family, unemployment, housing and soc...
Arrears on utility bills
People living in households that were in arrears on utility bills (heating, electricity, gas, water) in the past 12 months because of financial diffic...
People unable to afford a healthy diet
Share of the population whose income, after setting aside an amount for other basic needs, is too low to buy the cheapest healthy diet available local...
Prevalence of undernourishment
The share of the population whose habitual food consumption is not enough to provide the dietary energy needed for a normal, active and healthy life....
Out-of-pocket health spending
Payments made directly by households at the point of care, such as fees and co-payments not reimbursed by insurance, as a share of all current health...
Stunting in children under five
Children under five whose height for their age is more than two standard deviations below the WHO growth standard median, a sign of chronic undernutri...
Urban population living in slums
Urban residents living in households that lack one or more of: improved water, improved sanitation, sufficient living area, durable housing or secure...
Household consumption per person (constant 2015 US dollars)
Spending by households and non-profit institutions serving households on goods and services, per person, at constant 2015 prices converted to US dolla...