Romania

Population on 1 January 19,043,151e (Estimated) people 2025 · Eurostat Population by age and sex 19,043,151e (Estimated) people 2025 · Eurostat Crude birth rate 7.0ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Crude death rate 12.5ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Total fertility rate 1.39e (Estimated) births per woman 2024 · Eurostat Population aged 65 and over 20.3%e (Estimated) 2025 · Eurostat Median age of the population 44.1e (Estimated) years 2025 · Eurostat Old-age dependency ratio 31.6e (Estimated) per 100 working-age people 2025 · Eurostat Natural population change -5.5ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Population estimates and projections 19,118,479 people 2023 · UN Population Division Median age estimates and projections 42.6 years 2023 · UN Population Division Fertility rate estimates and projections 1.71 births per woman 2023 · UN Population Division Population growth estimates and projections -0.53% 2023 · UN Population Division Population 19,020,271 people 2025 · World Bank Population growth -0.17% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 65 and over 20.1% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 0 to 14 15.6% 2025 · World Bank Fertility rate 1.39 births per woman 2024 · World Bank Crude birth rate 7.5 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Crude death rate 12.8 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Urban population share 52.2% 2025 · World Bank Adolescent birth rate 32.8 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 · World Bank Age dependency ratio 55.5 per 100 working-age people 2025 · World Bank Population density 82.8 people per km² 2024 · World Bank Urban population growth -0.16% 2025 · World Bank

Immigration 286,538 immigrants 2024 · Eurostat Emigration 215,191e (Estimated) emigrants 2024 · Eurostat Acquisitions of citizenship 4,040 people 2024 · Eurostat First-time asylum applicants 1,145 applicants 2025 · Eurostat Net migration rate 5.4ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Net migration estimates and projections -1.5 per 1,000 people 2023 · UN Population Division Net migration -29,041 people 2025 · World Bank International migrant stock 3.4% 2024 · World Bank Personal remittances received 2.5% 2025 · World Bank

Unemployment rate, ages 15 to 74 6.1% 2025 · Eurostat Youth unemployment rate, ages 15 to 24 26.1% 2025 · Eurostat Long-term unemployment rate 2.1% 2025 · Eurostat Employment rate, ages 20 to 64 69.0% 2025 · Eurostat Employment rate of women, ages 20 to 64 59.5% 2025 · Eurostat Monthly unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted) 6.3% September 2026 · Eurostat Usual weekly working hours 40.0 hours per week 2025 · Eurostat Part-time employment 2.3% 2025 · Eurostat Monthly youth unemployment 30.8% June 2026 · Eurostat Employment of older workers 57.0% 2025 · Eurostat ILO estimate of the unemployment rate 6.0% 2025 · ILOSTAT ILO estimate of youth unemployment 24.5% 2025 · ILOSTAT Labour force participation 51.3% 2025 · ILOSTAT Women's labour force participation 41.8% 2025 · ILOSTAT Employment-to-population ratio 48.3% 2025 · ILOSTAT OECD monthly unemployment rate 6.3% September 2026 · OECD Employment in agriculture 10.9% 2025 · World Bank Employment in industry 32.6% 2025 · World Bank Employment in services 56.5% 2025 · World Bank

Median equivalised net income €8,187 per year 2025 · Eurostat Unadjusted gender pay gap 3.7%e (Estimated) 2024 · Eurostat Hourly labour cost €13.6 per hour 2025 · Eurostat Monthly minimum wage €825 per month H2 2026 · Eurostat Net annual earnings €13,877 per year 2025 · Eurostat

GDP per capita in euro €20,100p (Provisional) per person 2025 · Eurostat GDP per capita in PPS 78p (Provisional) (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Real GDP growth 0.8%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat GDP in euro 382,740p (Provisional) million € 2025 · Eurostat Quarterly GDP growth (seasonally adjusted) 0.0%p (Provisional) Q2 2026 · Eurostat Labour productivity growth 2.0%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat GDP growth, year on year 0.3%p (Provisional) Q3 2026 · Eurostat GDP in US dollars US$428.7 billion 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita in US dollars US$22,538 per person 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita, PPP Int$40,846 per person 2025 · World Bank GNI per capita, Atlas method US$20,190 per person 2025 · World Bank Real GDP growth 0.7% 2025 · World Bank Services share of GDP 61.7% 2025 · World Bank Investment share of GDP 25.9% 2025 · World Bank Savings share of GDP 18.0% 2025 · World Bank Household consumption per person US$9,072 per person 2025 · World Bank

HICP inflation 6.8% 2025 · Eurostat HICP price index 160.06 (2015 = 100) 2025 · Eurostat Monthly HICP inflation 6.5% September 2026 · Eurostat Consumer price level index 57 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Food price inflation (HICP) 6.8% 2025 · Eurostat Energy price inflation (HICP) 7.5% 2025 · Eurostat Consumer price inflation 7.2% 2025 · World Bank Consumer price index 190.0 (2010 = 100) 2025 · World Bank Inflation measured by the GDP deflator 8.2% 2025 · World Bank Exchange rate to the US dollar 4.471 per US$ 2025 · World Bank

House price change 5.7% 2025 · Eurostat Housing cost overburden rate 5.0% 2025 · Eurostat Overcrowding rate 40.4% 2025 · Eurostat Home ownership rate 93.2% 2025 · Eurostat Inability to keep home adequately warm 11.9% 2025 · Eurostat Average household size 2.5 people per household 2025 · Eurostat House prices, quarterly 12.1% Q2 2026 · Eurostat Arrears on utility bills 17.7% 2025 · Eurostat Slum population 2.5% 2022 · World Bank

NEET rate, ages 15 to 29 19.2% 2025 · Eurostat Tertiary education attainment, ages 25 to 34 23.0% 2025 · Eurostat Early leavers from education and training 15.5% 2025 · Eurostat Adult participation in learning 10.2% 2025 · Eurostat ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate 17.1% 2025 · ILOSTAT Primary completion (UIS) 98.1% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Lower secondary completion 96.1% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Upper secondary completion 83.8% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school children 15.6%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school adolescents 16.3%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school youth 26.9%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Primary net enrolment 84.4%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Youth literacy 99.9% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Education share of public spending 8.8% 2022 · UNESCO UIS Education spending 3.3% 2022 · World Bank Primary school enrolment (gross) 84.9% 2023 · World Bank Tertiary education enrolment (gross) 55.2% 2023 · World Bank Adult literacy rate 99.2% 2021 · World Bank Primary school completion rate 81.0% 2023 · World Bank Secondary school enrolment (gross) 81.6% 2023 · World Bank

Life expectancy at birth 76.5e (Estimated) years 2024 · Eurostat Infant mortality rate 6.6 per 1,000 live births 2024 · Eurostat Hospital beds 731 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Practising physicians 381 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat People reporting good or very good health 73.2% 2025 · Eurostat Health spending share of GDP 6.2% 2024 · Eurostat Practising nurses 106 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Healthy life years at birth 65.0be (Source flag be) years 2024 · Eurostat Life expectancy at age 65 17.3e (Estimated) years 2024 · Eurostat Adults with obesity 10.5% 2019 · Eurostat Daily smokers 18.9% 2019 · Eurostat Life expectancy estimates and projections 75.9 years 2023 · UN Population Division Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections 16.9 years 2023 · UN Population Division Healthy life expectancy 66.0 years 2023 · WHO UHC service coverage 77 2023 · WHO Alcohol consumption 12.20 litres 2024 · WHO Adult obesity 32.4% 2024 · WHO Hypertension 48.4% 2019 · WHO Suicide rate 8.2 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Premature NCD mortality 19.4% 2023 · WHO Physical inactivity 40.4% 2022 · WHO DTP3 immunisation 66% 2025 · WHO Anaemia in women 24.3% 2023 · WHO Poisoning deaths 1.5 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Nurses and midwives 83.3 per 10,000 people 2023 · WHO Dentists 11.30 per 10,000 people 2023 · WHO Life expectancy at birth 76.5 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, women 80.3 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, men 72.8 years 2024 · World Bank Health spending share of GDP 5.7% 2023 · World Bank Under-five mortality rate 7.3 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Infant mortality rate 6.0 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Maternal mortality ratio 12 per 100,000 live births 2023 · World Bank Physicians 3.63 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Hospital beds 7.2 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Measles immunisation 78% 2024 · World Bank Tobacco use 29.7% 2024 · World Bank Out-of-pocket health spending 23.0% 2023 · World Bank Health spending per person US$1,051 per person 2023 · World Bank Diabetes prevalence 7.5% 2024 · World Bank Neonatal mortality rate 3.6 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Child stunting 12.8% 2002 · World Bank Tuberculosis incidence 60 per 100,000 people 2024 · World Bank HIV incidence 0.10 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2024 · World Bank

Households with internet access 95.5% 2025 · Eurostat Internet use in the last three months 93.2% 2025 · Eurostat Daily internet use 88.2% 2025 · Eurostat Basic digital skills 31.8% 2025 · Eurostat Online shopping 60.3% 2025 · Eurostat ICT specialists in employment 2.7%e (Estimated) 2025 · Eurostat Internet users 91.3% 2024 · World Bank Mobile subscriptions 120 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank Fixed broadband subscriptions 35.8 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank

Industrial production 97.3p (Provisional) (2021 = 100) 2025 · Eurostat Enterprise birth rate 11.6% 2024 · Eurostat Monthly industrial production -6.3%p (Provisional) September 2026 · Eurostat Industry share of GDP 25.3% 2025 · World Bank New businesses registered 91,649 companies 2024 · World Bank Medium and high-tech manufacturing 43.0% 2024 · World Bank Manufacturing share of GDP 11.8% 2025 · World Bank

Exports share of GDP 35.2%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Imports share of GDP 40.3%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Current account balance, quarterly -8.0% Q2 2026 · Eurostat Exports share of GDP 35.5% 2025 · World Bank Imports share of GDP 40.7% 2025 · World Bank Trade as a share of GDP 76.2% 2025 · World Bank Foreign direct investment inflows 2.2% 2025 · World Bank Current account balance -7.9% 2025 · World Bank High-technology exports 13.4% 2024 · World Bank

Nights spent in tourist accommodation 29,719,596 nights 2025 · Eurostat Arrivals at tourist accommodation 13,937,145 arrivals 2025 · Eurostat Bed-place occupancy rate in hotels 34.3% 2025 · Eurostat

Car share of passenger transport 82.1%e (Estimated) 2024 · Eurostat Car ownership 461e (Estimated) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 7.8e (Estimated) per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Rail passenger transport 5,329 million passenger-km 2025 · Eurostat Road share of inland freight transport 55.4% 2024 · Eurostat New zero-emission cars 5.6% 2025 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 10.3 per 100,000 people 2019 · World Bank Air passengers carried 2,806,654 passengers 2023 · World Bank

Renewable energy share 25.6%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Renewable electricity share 49.9%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Energy import dependency 30.4% 2024 · Eurostat Electricity price for households €0.2836 per kWh H1 2026 · Eurostat Natural gas price for households €0.0594 per kWh H1 2026 · Eurostat Primary energy consumption 29.6 Mtoe 2024 · Eurostat Access to electricity 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Clean cooking access 96.0% 2024 · World Bank Renewable energy share 23.6% 2021 · World Bank Fossil electricity share 33.2% 2024 · World Bank Net energy imports 30.4% 2024 · World Bank

Greenhouse gas emissions per person 5.0 t CO2e per person 2024 · Eurostat Total greenhouse gas emissions 95.6 Mt CO2e 2024 · Eurostat Temperature change 2.03e (Estimate) °C 2025 · FAOSTAT Agrifood emissions per person 3.37e (Estimate) t CO2e per person 2024 · FAOSTAT Total greenhouse gas emissions 101.9 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Greenhouse gas emissions per person 5.3 t CO2e per person 2024 · World Bank CO2 emissions per person 3.72 t CO2 per person 2024 · World Bank Methane emissions 18.2 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Nitrous oxide emissions 9.79 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank

PM2.5 air pollution 10.4 µg/m³ 2023 · WHO Forest area 30.2% 2024 · World Bank Protected areas 24.3% 2025 · World Bank PM2.5 air pollution exposure 16.0 µg/m³ 2023 · World Bank Terrestrial protected areas 24.6% 2025 · World Bank

Municipal waste generated per person 305 kg per person 2023 · Eurostat Recycling rate of municipal waste 12.4% 2023 · Eurostat Total waste generated per person 8,410 kg per person 2022 · Eurostat Basic drinking water access 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Safely managed drinking water 82.2% 2024 · World Bank Basic sanitation access 90.5% 2024 · World Bank Level of water stress 7.6% 2022 · World Bank Renewable internal freshwater per person 2,225 m³ per person 2022 · World Bank Safely managed sanitation 89.8% 2024 · World Bank

Area under organic farming 6.2% 2024 · Eurostat Cost of a healthy diet Int$4.21e (Estimate) per person per day 2025 · FAOSTAT Healthy diet unaffordable 20.1%e (Estimate) 2025 · FAOSTAT Pesticide use 1.01e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Nitrogen fertiliser use 50.2e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Agriculture share of GDP 3.0% 2025 · World Bank Cereal yield 3,526 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Agricultural land 55.2% 2024 · World Bank Capture fisheries production 5,758 tonnes 2024 · World Bank Prevalence of undernourishment 2.5% 2024 · World Bank Food production index 80.9 (2014-16 = 100) 2024 · World Bank Fertiliser use 85.8 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Land area 230,080 km² 2024 · World Bank

At-risk-of-poverty rate 18.4% 2025 · Eurostat Poverty or social exclusion rate 27.4% 2025 · Eurostat Income inequality (Gini) 27.3 (0 to 100) 2025 · Eurostat Income quintile share ratio (S80/S20) 4.37 times 2025 · Eurostat Severe material and social deprivation 16.8% 2025 · Eurostat Gini index 29.8 (0 to 100) 2023 · World Bank Income share held by the richest 10% 21.8% 2023 · World Bank Extreme poverty rate 0.7% 2023 · World Bank Poverty rate at national poverty lines 18.4% 2024 · World Bank Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP) 1.3% 2023 · World Bank Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) 5.1% 2023 · World Bank

Government debt 58.9% 2025 · Eurostat Government deficit or surplus -7.8% 2025 · Eurostat Government spending 43.4% 2025 · Eurostat Tax-to-GDP ratio 29.3% 2025 · Eurostat Government spending on health 5.2% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on education 4.0% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on social protection 13.6% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on defence 1.6% 2024 · Eurostat Government debt, quarterly 59.4%p (Provisional) Q2 2026 · Eurostat Tax revenue 16.2% 2024 · World Bank Central government expense 37.3% 2022 · World Bank

R&D spending share of GDP 0.52%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Researchers as a share of the labour force 0.26% 2024 · Eurostat European patent applications 2.2ep (Source flag ep) per million people 2025 · Eurostat R&D spending share of GDP 0.52% 2023 · World Bank Researchers per million people 1,082 per million people 2023 · World Bank Scientific and technical journal articles 10,713 articles 2023 · World Bank

Intentional homicides 0.79 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Crime or vandalism in the area 5.9% 2023 · Eurostat Robberies recorded by the police 15.1 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Burglaries recorded by the police 131.7 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Thefts recorded by the police 269 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Intentional homicides 1.1 per 100,000 people 2023 · World Bank

Cultural employment 1.8% 2025 · Eurostat Average life satisfaction 7.8 out of 10 2025 · Eurostat Women in national parliament 22.4% 2025 · World Bank