Poland

Population on 1 January 36,497,495 people 2025 · Eurostat Population by age and sex 36,497,495 people 2025 · Eurostat Crude birth rate 6.5 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Crude death rate 11.1 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Total fertility rate 1.14ep (Source flag ep) births per woman 2024 · Eurostat Population aged 65 and over 21.0%ep (Source flag ep) 2025 · Eurostat Median age of the population 43.4ep (Source flag ep) years 2025 · Eurostat Old-age dependency ratio 32.7ep (Source flag ep) per 100 working-age people 2025 · Eurostat Natural population change -4.6 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Population estimates and projections 38,762,844 people 2023 · UN Population Division Median age estimates and projections 41.3 years 2023 · UN Population Division Fertility rate estimates and projections 1.30 births per woman 2023 · UN Population Division Population growth estimates and projections -0.26% 2023 · UN Population Division Population 36,435,861 people 2025 · World Bank Population growth -0.34% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 65 and over 20.8% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 0 to 14 14.5% 2025 · World Bank Fertility rate 1.14 births per woman 2024 · World Bank Crude birth rate 6.9 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Crude death rate 11.2 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Urban population share 60.1% 2025 · World Bank Adolescent birth rate 5.8 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 · World Bank Age dependency ratio 54.4 per 100 working-age people 2025 · World Bank Population density 119.4 people per km² 2024 · World Bank Urban population growth -0.15% 2025 · World Bank

Immigration 300,496e (Estimated) immigrants 2024 · Eurostat Emigration 205,869e (Estimated) emigrants 2024 · Eurostat Acquisitions of citizenship 16,075 people 2024 · Eurostat First-time asylum applicants 11,155 applicants 2025 · Eurostat Net migration rate 0.1 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Net migration estimates and projections -0.2 per 1,000 people 2023 · UN Population Division Net migration -330,820 people 2025 · World Bank International migrant stock 4.5% 2024 · World Bank Personal remittances received 0.9% 2025 · World Bank

Unemployment rate, ages 15 to 74 3.1% 2025 · Eurostat Youth unemployment rate, ages 15 to 24 12.2% 2025 · Eurostat Long-term unemployment rate 0.8% 2025 · Eurostat Employment rate, ages 20 to 64 78.8% 2025 · Eurostat Employment rate of women, ages 20 to 64 73.2% 2025 · Eurostat Monthly unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted) 3.4% September 2026 · Eurostat Usual weekly working hours 40.0 hours per week 2025 · Eurostat Part-time employment 6.2% 2025 · Eurostat Monthly youth unemployment 11.3% September 2026 · Eurostat Employment of older workers 60.1% 2025 · Eurostat ILO estimate of the unemployment rate 3.0% 2025 · ILOSTAT ILO estimate of youth unemployment 10.7% 2025 · ILOSTAT Labour force participation 58.3% 2025 · ILOSTAT Women's labour force participation 51.6% 2025 · ILOSTAT Employment-to-population ratio 56.6% 2025 · ILOSTAT OECD monthly unemployment rate 3.4% September 2026 · OECD Employment in agriculture 6.2% 2025 · World Bank Employment in industry 30.0% 2025 · World Bank Employment in services 63.8% 2025 · World Bank

Median equivalised net income €14,394 per year 2025 · Eurostat Unadjusted gender pay gap 4.0% 2024 · Eurostat Hourly labour cost €19.1 per hour 2025 · Eurostat Monthly minimum wage €1,119 per month H2 2026 · Eurostat Net annual earnings €19,086 per year 2025 · Eurostat

GDP per capita in euro €24,710 per person 2025 · Eurostat GDP per capita in PPS 79 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Real GDP growth 3.8% 2025 · Eurostat GDP in euro 923,507 million € 2025 · Eurostat Quarterly GDP growth (seasonally adjusted) 1.1% Q2 2026 · Eurostat Labour productivity growth 4.3%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat GDP growth, year on year 3.6% Q3 2026 · Eurostat GDP in US dollars US$1.04 trillion 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita in US dollars US$28,420 per person 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita, PPP Int$46,925 per person 2025 · World Bank GNI per capita, Atlas method US$25,520 per person 2025 · World Bank Real GDP growth 3.6% 2025 · World Bank Services share of GDP 59.7% 2025 · World Bank Investment share of GDP 17.9% 2025 · World Bank Savings share of GDP 17.1% 2025 · World Bank Household consumption per person US$10,700 per person 2025 · World Bank

HICP inflation 3.3% 2025 · Eurostat HICP price index 153.70 (2015 = 100) 2025 · Eurostat Monthly HICP inflation 4.0% September 2026 · Eurostat Consumer price level index 70 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Food price inflation (HICP) 4.6% 2025 · Eurostat Energy price inflation (HICP) 2.6% 2025 · Eurostat OECD monthly CPI inflation 4.1% September 2026 · OECD Consumer price inflation 3.8% 2025 · World Bank Consumer price index 170.4 (2010 = 100) 2025 · World Bank Inflation measured by the GDP deflator 2.9% 2025 · World Bank Exchange rate to the US dollar 3.761 per US$ 2025 · World Bank

House price change 4.9% 2025 · Eurostat Housing cost overburden rate 4.1% 2025 · Eurostat Overcrowding rate 30.9% 2025 · Eurostat Home ownership rate 87.2% 2025 · Eurostat Inability to keep home adequately warm 3.2% 2025 · Eurostat Average household size 2.8 people per household 2025 · Eurostat House prices, quarterly 6.3% Q2 2026 · Eurostat Arrears on utility bills 2.6% 2025 · Eurostat Slum population 4.2% 2022 · World Bank

NEET rate, ages 15 to 29 9.2% 2025 · Eurostat Tertiary education attainment, ages 25 to 34 45.2% 2025 · Eurostat Early leavers from education and training 4.0% 2025 · Eurostat Adult participation in learning 8.8% 2025 · Eurostat ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate 10.5% 2025 · ILOSTAT Primary completion (UIS) 98.1% 2020 · UNESCO UIS Lower secondary completion 94.2% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Upper secondary completion 94.0% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school children 0.1%nat_est (National estimate) 2024 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school adolescents 0.2%nat_est (National estimate) 2024 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school youth 0.7%nat_est (National estimate) 2024 · UNESCO UIS Primary net enrolment 99.9%nat_est (National estimate) 2024 · UNESCO UIS Youth literacy 99.8% 1978 · UNESCO UIS Education share of public spending 10.0% 2022 · UNESCO UIS Education spending 4.3% 2022 · World Bank Primary school enrolment (gross) 105.4% 2024 · World Bank Tertiary education enrolment (gross) 80.9% 2024 · World Bank Adult literacy rate 98.7% 1978 · World Bank Primary school completion rate 94.7% 2019 · World Bank Secondary school enrolment (gross) 107.9% 2024 · World Bank

Life expectancy at birth 78.5ep (Source flag ep) years 2024 · Eurostat Infant mortality rate 3.6 per 1,000 live births 2024 · Eurostat Hospital beds 627 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Practising physicians 386 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat People reporting good or very good health 64.2% 2025 · Eurostat Health spending share of GDP 7.8% 2024 · Eurostat Practising nurses 601 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Healthy life years at birth 64.7 years 2024 · Eurostat Life expectancy at age 65 18.5ep (Source flag ep) years 2024 · Eurostat Adults with obesity 18.5% 2019 · Eurostat Daily smokers 19.4% 2019 · Eurostat Life expectancy estimates and projections 78.6 years 2023 · UN Population Division Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections 18.7 years 2023 · UN Population Division Healthy life expectancy 66.9 years 2023 · WHO UHC service coverage 82 2023 · WHO Alcohol consumption 9.79 litres 2024 · WHO Adult obesity 21.8% 2024 · WHO Hypertension 49.2% 2019 · WHO Suicide rate 13.4 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Premature NCD mortality 16.3% 2023 · WHO Physical inactivity 40.4% 2022 · WHO DTP3 immunisation 94% 2025 · WHO Anaemia in women 23.4% 2023 · WHO Poisoning deaths 0.8 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Nurses and midwives 63.1 per 10,000 people 2023 · WHO Dentists 9.51 per 10,000 people 2023 · WHO Life expectancy at birth 78.4 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, women 82.2 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, men 74.8 years 2024 · World Bank Health spending share of GDP 8.1% 2024 · World Bank Under-five mortality rate 4.2 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Infant mortality rate 3.6 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Maternal mortality ratio 2 per 100,000 live births 2023 · World Bank Physicians 4.03 per 1,000 people 2023 · World Bank Hospital beds 6.0 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Measles immunisation 92% 2024 · World Bank Tobacco use 21.7% 2024 · World Bank Out-of-pocket health spending 16.2% 2024 · World Bank Health spending per person US$2,014 per person 2024 · World Bank Diabetes prevalence 8.1% 2024 · World Bank Neonatal mortality rate 2.5 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Child stunting 1.0% 2018 · World Bank Tuberculosis incidence 11 per 100,000 people 2024 · World Bank

Households with internet access 96.2% 2025 · Eurostat Internet use in the last three months 89.7% 2025 · Eurostat Daily internet use 84.9% 2025 · Eurostat Basic digital skills 50.4% 2025 · Eurostat Online shopping 69.7% 2025 · Eurostat ICT specialists in employment 4.5% 2025 · Eurostat Internet users 88.6% 2024 · World Bank Mobile subscriptions 138 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank Fixed broadband subscriptions 25.4 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank

Industrial production 112.8 (2021 = 100) 2025 · Eurostat Enterprise birth rate 11.2% 2024 · Eurostat Monthly industrial production 4.0% September 2026 · Eurostat Industry share of GDP 25.8% 2025 · World Bank New businesses registered 56,520 companies 2024 · World Bank Medium and high-tech manufacturing 34.0% 2024 · World Bank Manufacturing share of GDP 15.0% 2025 · World Bank

Exports share of GDP 50.0% 2025 · Eurostat Imports share of GDP 47.3% 2025 · Eurostat Current account balance, quarterly -2.7% Q2 2026 · Eurostat Exports share of GDP 50.0% 2025 · World Bank Imports share of GDP 47.1% 2025 · World Bank Trade as a share of GDP 97.0% 2025 · World Bank Foreign direct investment inflows 2.0% 2025 · World Bank Current account balance -1.0% 2025 · World Bank High-technology exports 13.5% 2024 · World Bank

Nights spent in tourist accommodation 104,692,301 nights 2025 · Eurostat Arrivals at tourist accommodation 42,738,329 arrivals 2025 · Eurostat Bed-place occupancy rate in hotels 42.8% 2025 · Eurostat

Car share of passenger transport 81.0%e (Estimated) 2024 · Eurostat Car ownership 639i (Source flag i) per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 5.2 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Rail passenger transport 30,649 million passenger-km 2025 · Eurostat Road share of inland freight transport 76.4% 2024 · Eurostat New zero-emission cars 7.2% 2025 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 9.4 per 100,000 people 2019 · World Bank Air passengers carried 8,782,362 passengers 2023 · World Bank

Renewable energy share 18.7%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Renewable electricity share 32.5%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Energy import dependency 45.7% 2024 · Eurostat Electricity price for households €0.2999p (Provisional) per kWh H1 2026 · Eurostat Natural gas price for households €0.0730 per kWh H2 2023 · Eurostat Primary energy consumption 92.3 Mtoe 2024 · Eurostat Access to electricity 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Clean cooking access 98.0% 2024 · World Bank Renewable energy share 15.2% 2021 · World Bank Fossil electricity share 67.4% 2025 · World Bank Net energy imports 46.8% 2024 · World Bank

Greenhouse gas emissions per person 9.3 t CO2e per person 2024 · Eurostat Total greenhouse gas emissions 341.0 Mt CO2e 2024 · Eurostat Temperature change 2.06e (Estimate) °C 2025 · FAOSTAT Agrifood emissions per person 3.22e (Estimate) t CO2e per person 2024 · FAOSTAT Total greenhouse gas emissions 348.2 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Greenhouse gas emissions per person 9.5 t CO2e per person 2024 · World Bank CO2 emissions per person 7.55 t CO2 per person 2024 · World Bank Methane emissions 43.1 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Nitrous oxide emissions 24.17 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank

PM2.5 air pollution 14.7 µg/m³ 2023 · WHO Forest area 31.0% 2024 · World Bank Protected areas 38.1% 2025 · World Bank PM2.5 air pollution exposure 16.5 µg/m³ 2023 · World Bank Terrestrial protected areas 39.6% 2025 · World Bank

Municipal waste generated per person 387 kg per person 2024 · Eurostat Recycling rate of municipal waste 31.1% 2024 · Eurostat Total waste generated per person 4,551 kg per person 2024 · Eurostat Basic drinking water access 90.1% 2024 · World Bank Safely managed drinking water 88.7% 2024 · World Bank Basic sanitation access 99.0% 2024 · World Bank Level of water stress 32.5% 2022 · World Bank Renewable internal freshwater per person 1,456 m³ per person 2022 · World Bank Safely managed sanitation 97.8% 2024 · World Bank

Area under organic farming 4.9% 2024 · Eurostat Cost of a healthy diet Int$4.55e (Estimate) per person per day 2025 · FAOSTAT Healthy diet unaffordable 7.3%e (Estimate) 2025 · FAOSTAT Pesticide use 2.09e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Nitrogen fertiliser use 80.2e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Agriculture share of GDP 2.5% 2025 · World Bank Cereal yield 4,851 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Agricultural land 46.2% 2024 · World Bank Capture fisheries production 140,741 tonnes 2024 · World Bank Prevalence of undernourishment 2.5% 2024 · World Bank Food production index 113.1 (2014-16 = 100) 2024 · World Bank Fertiliser use 155.8 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Land area 306,070 km² 2024 · World Bank

At-risk-of-poverty rate 13.2% 2025 · Eurostat Poverty or social exclusion rate 15.0% 2025 · Eurostat Income inequality (Gini) 24.9 (0 to 100) 2025 · Eurostat Income quintile share ratio (S80/S20) 3.63 times 2025 · Eurostat Severe material and social deprivation 2.0% 2025 · Eurostat Gini index 28.5 (0 to 100) 2023 · World Bank Income share held by the richest 10% 22.9% 2023 · World Bank Extreme poverty rate 0.2% 2023 · World Bank Poverty rate at national poverty lines 13.5% 2025 · World Bank Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP) 0.4% 2023 · World Bank Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) 1.1% 2023 · World Bank

Government debt 59.6% 2025 · Eurostat Government deficit or surplus -7.2% 2025 · Eurostat Government spending 50.9% 2025 · Eurostat Tax-to-GDP ratio 37.6% 2025 · Eurostat Government spending on health 6.1% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on education 5.6% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on social protection 18.3% 2024 · Eurostat Government spending on defence 2.9% 2024 · Eurostat Government debt, quarterly 64.5%p (Provisional) Q2 2026 · Eurostat Tax revenue 17.4% 2024 · World Bank Central government expense 39.1% 2023 · World Bank

R&D spending share of GDP 1.50%p (Provisional) 2025 · Eurostat Researchers as a share of the labour force 0.83% 2024 · Eurostat European patent applications 17.0p (Provisional) per million people 2025 · Eurostat R&D spending share of GDP 1.56% 2023 · World Bank Researchers per million people 3,675 per million people 2023 · World Bank Scientific and technical journal articles 31,218 articles 2023 · World Bank

Intentional homicides 0.69 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Crime or vandalism in the area 2.8% 2023 · Eurostat Robberies recorded by the police 11.6 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Burglaries recorded by the police 156.3 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Thefts recorded by the police 249 per 100,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Intentional homicides 0.8 per 100,000 people 2023 · World Bank

Cultural employment 3.9% 2025 · Eurostat Average life satisfaction 7.7u (Low reliability) out of 10 2025 · Eurostat Women in national parliament 31.3% 2025 · World Bank