Natural population change in European Union
Births minus deaths in the European Union came to -3.0 per 1,000 people in 2025. The value for 2025 is the lowest in the series, which starts in 1961. The source marks a break in the series within this span, so values before and after it may not be fully comparable.
European Union is a group: European Union, 27 member states (composition from February 2020). The value is the aggregate published by Eurostat, not an average calculated on this site.
The latest value carries the source flag “Source flag ep”.
European Union, 2025
-3.0ep (Source flag ep)
Change from 2024
−0.2per 1,000 people
Natural population change in European Union over time
View
European Union
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Per 1,000 people. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union |
|---|---|
| 2025 | -3.0 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) |
| 2024 | -2.8 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) |
| 2023 | -2.6 per 1,000 peoplebep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) |
| 2022 | -2.8 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2021 | -2.7 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2020 | -2.5 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2019 | -1.1 per 1,000 peoplebep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) |
| 2018 | -1.0 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2017 | -0.7 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2016 | -0.4 per 1,000 peoplee (estimated) |
| 2015 | -0.7 per 1,000 peoplebep (break in time series, estimated, provisional) |
| 2014 | 0.0 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2013 | -0.3 per 1,000 peoplebe (break in time series, estimated) |
| 2012 | -0.1 per 1,000 peopleb (break in time series) |
| 2011 | 0.3 per 1,000 peopleb (break in time series) |
| 2010 | 0.6 per 1,000 peopleb (break in time series) |
| 2009 | 0.6 per 1,000 people |
| 2008 | 0.8 per 1,000 peopleb (break in time series) |
| 2007 | 0.6 per 1,000 peopleb (break in time series) |
| 2006 | 0.7 per 1,000 people |
| 2005 | 0.4 per 1,000 people |
| 2004 | 0.6 per 1,000 people |
| 2003 | 0.0 per 1,000 people |
| 2002 | 0.2 per 1,000 people |
| 2001 | 0.4 per 1,000 peopleb (break in time series) |
Flags: b break in time series; be break in time series, estimated; bep break in time series, estimated, provisional; e estimated; ep estimated, provisional . A dash means no value was published.
In short
- That is a change of −0.2 from -2.8 per 1,000 people in 2024.
- Since 2015, when it was -0.7 per 1,000 people, the figure has changed by −2.3.
More for European Union
All statistics for European Union
Crude birth rate
7.7ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people
2025 · Eurostat
Crude death rate
10.7ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people
2025 · Eurostat
Net migration rate
4.6ep (Source flag ep) per 1,000 people
2025 · Eurostat
Population on 1 January
450,646,971ep (Source flag ep) people
2025 · Eurostat
Population by age and sex
450,646,971ep (Source flag ep) people
2025 · Eurostat
Total fertility rate
1.34ep (Source flag ep) births per woman
2024 · Eurostat