Research and development expenditure, by region
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development by all sectors (business, government, higher education and private non-profit) in the region, as a share of the region's GDP.
Highest in 2023
8.68%
Prov. Brabant wallon
Lowest in 2023
0.12%
Sud-Est
Regions ranked for 2023
260
Updated by the source on 29 September 2026
260 regions have a value for 2023, the latest period with data for most regions. Some regions have newer figures; see the ranking below for each region's latest year.
Trend over time
View
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
% of regional GDP. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union | Prov. Brabant wallon | Limousin | Sud-Est |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2.26%e (estimated) | – | – | 0.09% |
| 2023 | 2.25%e (estimated) | 8.68% | 1.22% | 0.12% |
| 2022 | 2.22%e (estimated) | 9.27% | – | 0.10% |
| 2021 | 2.24%e (estimated) | not availablec (confidential) | 1.33% | 0.10% |
| 2020 | 2.28%e (estimated) | not availablec (confidential) | – | 0.09% |
| 2019 | 2.21%e (estimated) | not availablec (confidential) | – | 0.08% |
| 2018 | 2.17%e (estimated) | not availablec (confidential) | – | 0.08% |
| 2017 | 2.14% | 7.73% | – | 0.07% |
| 2016 | 2.10%e (estimated) | 7.40% | – | 0.09% |
| 2015 | 2.10% | 6.33% | – | 0.08% |
| 2014 | 2.09%e (estimated) | 6.61% | – | 0.06% |
| 2013 | 2.08%e (estimated) | 8.56% | – | 0.06% |
| 2012 | 2.06%e (estimated) | 8.80% | – | 0.08% |
| 2011 | 2.00%e (estimated) | 8.24% | – | 0.10% |
| 2010 | 1.96%e (estimated) | 6.65% | – | 0.16% |
| 2009 | 1.96%e (estimated) | 7.11% | – | 0.16% |
| 2008 | 1.87%e (estimated) | 6.62% | – | 0.18% |
| 2007 | 1.79%e (estimated) | 6.82% | – | 0.18% |
| 2006 | 1.80%e (estimated) | 6.54% | – | 0.14% |
| 2005 | 1.78%e (estimated) | – | – | 0.13% |
| 2004 | 1.79%e (estimated) | – | – | 0.10% |
| 2003 | 1.82%e (estimated) | – | – | 0.12% |
| 2002 | 1.83%e (estimated) | – | – | 0.15% |
| 2001 | 1.82%e (estimated) | – | – | 0.21% |
| 2000 | 1.81%e (estimated) | – | – | – |
Flags: e estimated; c confidential . A dash means no value was published.
In short
- Among the 260 regions with a value for 2023, the highest is Prov. Brabant wallon (8.68%) and the lowest Sud-Est (0.12%).
- Half of the regions are above 1.23% and half below.
- From 2022 to 2023 the value rose in 7 regions and fell in 4.
- The figure for the European Union was 2.25% in 2023, against 2.17% in 2018 (+0.08 percentage points).
About this measure
Before comparing
- Not every country publishes regional R&D figures every year.
Source and dates
All regions in 2023 Every value is for 2023, so the regions are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Prov. Brabant wallon 8.68%
- 2 Stuttgart 7.33%
- 3 Braunschweig 5.91%
- 4 Karlsruhe 5.88%
- 5 Västsverige 5.63%
- 6 Steiermark 5.32%
- 7 Rheinhessen-Pfalz 5.28%
- 8 Oberbayern 5.22%
- 9 Prov. Vlaams-Brabant 5.17%
- 10 Hovedstaden 4.61%
- 11 Östra Mellansverige 4.37%
- 12 Midi-Pyrénées 4.08%
- 13 Prov. Antwerpen 4.08%
- 14 Köln 4.05%
- 15 Ankara 4.03%
- 16 Wien 3.91%
- 17 Tübingen 3.89%
- 18 Helsinki-Uusimaa 3.88%
- 19 Sydsverige 3.66%
- 20 Oberösterreich 3.54%
- 21 Stockholm 3.53%
- 22 Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen 3.40%
- 23 Darmstadt 3.36%
- 24 Hannover 3.23%
- 25 Kärnten 3.19%
- 26 Trier 3.19%
- 27 Berlin 3.04%
- 28 Rhône-Alpes 3.02%
- 29 Länsi-Suomi 2.96%
- 30 Tirol 2.91%
- 31 Ile de France 2.90%
- 32 Oberfranken 2.82%
- 33 Bremen 2.80%
- 34 Warszawski stołeczny 2.79%
- 35 Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi 2.78%
- 36 Franche-Comté 2.74%
- 37 Małopolskie 2.73%
- 38 Praha 2.63%
- 39 Zahodna Slovenija 2.63%
- 40 Hamburg 2.62%
- 41 Ísland 2.62%
- 42 Gießen 2.58%
- 43 Thüringen 2.58%
- 44 Prov. Liège 2.52%
- 45 Mittelfranken 2.50%
- 46 Dresden 2.47%
- 47 Freiburg 2.46%
- 48 Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest 2.45%
- 49 País Vasco 2.38%
- 50 Midtjylland 2.36%
- 51 Pomorskie 2.32%
- 52 Övre Norrland 2.30%
- 53 Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova 2.29%
- 54 Languedoc-Roussillon 2.29%
- 55 Budapest 2.25%
- 56 Grad Zagreb 2.17%
- 57 Jihovýchod 2.17%
- 58 Eastern and Midland 2.14%
- 59 Leipzig 2.13%
- 60 Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur 2.10%
- 61 Chemnitz 2.09%
- 62 Emilia-Romagna 2.09%
- 63 Piemonte 2.09%
- 64 Grande Lisboa 2.08%
- 65 Comunidad de Madrid 2.04%
- 66 Auvergne 2.03%
- 67 Střední Čechy 2.01%
- 68 Syddanmark 2.01%
- 69 Unterfranken 1.99%
- 70 Centro 1.96%
- 71 Norte 1.96%
- 72 Sjeverna Hrvatska 1.93%
- 73 Vorarlberg 1.93%
- 74 Etelä-Suomi 1.91%
- 75 Prov. Limburg 1.91%
- 76 Cataluña 1.89%
- 77 Eesti 1.83%
- 78 Ipeiros 1.81%
- 79 Lazio 1.80%
- 80 Comunidad Foral de Navarra 1.79%
- 81 Niederösterreich 1.79%
- 82 Aquitaine 1.78%
- 83 Bratislavský kraj 1.77%
- 84 Oberpfalz 1.77%
- 85 Arnsberg 1.76%
- 86 Attiki 1.75%
- 87 Detmold 1.75%
- 88 Bretagne 1.74%
- 89 Nordjylland 1.74%
- 90 Prov. West-Vlaanderen 1.72%
- 91 Friuli-Venezia Giulia 1.69%
- 92 Alsace 1.67%
- 93 Dolnośląskie 1.66%
- 94 Kriti 1.66%
- 95 Düsseldorf 1.64%
- 96 Saarland 1.62%
- 97 Salzburg 1.61%
- 98 Provincia Autonoma di Trento 1.59%
- 99 Prov. Hainaut 1.58%
- 100 Dytiki Elláda 1.56%
- 101 Kassel 1.54%
- 102 Střední Morava 1.54%
- 103 Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt 1.53%
- 104 Schleswig-Holstein 1.53%
- 105 Kentriki Makedonia 1.51%
- 106 Brandenburg 1.49%
- 107 Sostinės regionas 1.47%
- 108 Sachsen-Anhalt 1.45%
- 109 Liguria 1.44%
- 110 Northern and Western 1.44%
- 111 Småland med öarna 1.43%
- 112 Vzhodna Slovenija 1.43%
- 113 Picardie 1.42%
- 114 Jihozápad 1.40%
- 115 Lubelskie 1.40%
- 116 Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik 1.39%
- 117 Castilla y León 1.38%
- 118 Centre — Val de Loire 1.38%
- 119 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1.37%
- 120 Schwaben 1.37%
- 121 Toscana 1.37%
- 122 İstanbul 1.36%
- 123 Haute-Normandie 1.34%
- 124 Pays de la Loire 1.33%
- 125 Region Vojvodine 1.29%
- 126 Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli 1.25%
- 127 Yugozapaden 1.25%
- 128 Galicia 1.24%
- 129 Comunitat Valenciana 1.23%
- 130 Severovýchod 1.23%
- 131 Limousin 1.22%
- 132 Lorraine 1.22%
- 133 Campania 1.20%
- 134 Veneto 1.20%
- 135 Dél-Alföld 1.19%
- 136 Lombardia 1.19%
- 137 Podkarpackie 1.19%
- 138 Vest 1.18%
- 139 Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki 1.16%
- 140 Aragón 1.16%
- 141 Münster 1.16%
- 142 Andalucía 1.15%
- 143 Basse-Normandie 1.15%
- 144 Wielkopolskie 1.14%
- 145 Beogradski region 1.13%
- 146 Peloponnisos 1.13%
- 147 Thessalia 1.13%
- 148 Abruzzo 1.10%
- 149 Mellersta Norrland 1.09%
- 150 Prov. Namur 1.09%
- 151 Región de Murcia 1.07%
- 152 Sterea Elláda 1.07%
- 153 Közép-Dunántúl 1.06%
- 154 Luxembourg 1.06%
- 155 Nyugat-Dunántúl 1.06%
- 156 Voreio Aigaio 1.06%
- 157 Moravskoslezsko 1.05%
- 158 İzmir 1.04%
- 159 Sjælland 1.01%
- 160 Śląskie 1.00%
- 161 Lüneburg 0.99%
- 162 Dytiki Makedonia 0.98%
- 163 Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat 0.98%
- 164 Principado de Asturias 0.98%
- 165 Sicilia 0.98%
- 166 Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli 0.98%
- 167 Łódzkie 0.98%
- 168 Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak 0.97%
- 169 Cantabria 0.96%
- 170 Koblenz 0.96%
- 171 Norra Mellansverige 0.96%
- 172 Warmińsko-mazurskie 0.96%
- 173 Marche 0.94%
- 174 La Rioja 0.93%
- 175 Podlaskie 0.92%
- 176 Nord-Pas de Calais 0.91%
- 177 Península de Setúbal 0.90%
- 178 Západné Slovensko 0.90%
- 179 Konya, Karaman 0.88%
- 180 Umbria 0.88%
- 181 Kujawsko-pomorskie 0.85%
- 182 Észak-Alföld 0.85%
- 183 Sardegna 0.83%
- 184 Alentejo 0.82%
- 185 Bourgogne 0.82%
- 186 Bucureşti-Ilfov 0.82%
- 187 Latvija 0.82%
- 188 Puglia 0.82%
- 189 Poitou-Charentes 0.80%
- 190 Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın 0.80%
- 191 Oeste e Vale do Tejo 0.79%
- 192 Molise 0.78%
- 193 Opolskie 0.78%
- 194 Weser-Ems 0.78%
- 195 Zachodniopomorskie 0.76%
- 196 Burgenland 0.75%
- 197 Stredné Slovensko 0.74%
- 198 Észak-Magyarország 0.74%
- 199 Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan 0.72%
- 200 Extremadura 0.71%
- 201 Niederbayern 0.70%
- 202 Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane 0.70%
- 203 Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari 0.70%
- 204 Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas 0.69%
- 205 Jadranska Hrvatska 0.68%
- 206 Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir 0.68%
- 207 Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya 0.68%
- 208 Kýpros 0.66%
- 209 Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen 0.65%
- 210 Basilicata 0.64%
- 211 Calabria 0.64%
- 212 Świętokrzyskie 0.64%
- 213 Castilla-La Mancha 0.63%
- 214 Champagne-Ardenne 0.63%
- 215 Antalya, Isparta, Burdur 0.61%
- 216 Balıkesir, Çanakkale 0.60%
- 217 Southern 0.59%
- 218 Malta 0.58%
- 219 Canarias 0.57%
- 220 Prov. Luxembourg 0.57%
- 221 Východné Slovensko 0.57%
- 222 Dél-Dunántúl 0.56%
- 223 Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop 0.54%
- 224 Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste 0.53%
- 225 Åland 0.53%
- 226 Aydın, Denizli, Muğla 0.51%
- 227 Adana, Mersin 0.50%
- 228 Algarve 0.49%
- 229 Panonska Hrvatska 0.49%
- 230 Região Autónoma dos Açores 0.49%
- 231 Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis 0.48%
- 232 Illes Balears 0.48%
- 233 Região Autónoma da Madeira 0.48%
- 234 Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır 0.48%
- 235 Lubuskie 0.45%
- 236 Severozápad 0.45%
- 237 Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye 0.42%
- 238 Centru 0.41%
- 239 Pest 0.41%
- 240 Yuzhen tsentralen 0.41%
- 241 Sud-Muntenia 0.40%
- 242 Severoiztochen 0.39%
- 243 Ionia Nisia 0.37%
- 244 Severna Makedonija 0.37%
- 245 Ciudad de Melilla 0.36%
- 246 Crna Gora 0.34%p (provisional)
- 247 Severen tsentralen 0.34%
- 248 Corse 0.33%
- 249 Nord-Vest 0.29%
- 250 Mazowiecki regionalny 0.28%
- 251 Yugoiztochen 0.27%
- 252 Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt 0.26%
- 253 Severozapaden 0.26%
- 254 Nord-Est 0.25%
- 255 Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije 0.25%
- 256 Notio Aigaio 0.24%
- 257 Ciudad de Ceuta 0.23%
- 258 Region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije 0.19%
- 259 Sud-Vest Oltenia 0.17%
- 260 Sud-Est 0.12%
- Austria 3.22%
- Belgium 3.24%
- Bulgaria 0.79%
- Croatia 1.37%
- Cyprus 0.66%
- Czechia 1.82%
- Denmark 3.07%
- Estonia 1.84%
- European Union 2.25%e (estimated)
- Finland 3.09%
- France 2.17%
- Germany 3.10%
- Greece 1.50%
- Hungary 1.38%d (definition differs (see metadata))
- Iceland 2.62%
- Ireland 1.56%
- Italy 1.37%
- Japan 3.31%
- Latvia 0.82%
- Lithuania 1.04%
- Luxembourg 1.06%
- Malta 0.58%
- Montenegro 0.34%p (provisional)
- Netherlands 2.30%
- North Macedonia 0.37%
- Norway 1.78%
- Poland 1.56%
- Portugal 1.68%
- Romania 0.52%
- Serbia 0.88%
- Slovakia 1.04%
- Slovenia 2.13%
- South Korea 4.94%
- Spain 1.49%
- Sweden 3.64%
- Switzerland 3.10%
- Türkiye 1.39%
- United States 3.42%bd (break in time series, definition differs (see metadata))
Below the line: country totals and groups, not ranked.
Ranking page with top and bottom ten
Downloads
Share and cite
Other citation formats
Embed this chart on your site
Data as JSON: API · how to use it. Updates: Atom feed.
Report a problem with this figure
The plain link always shows the latest figures. The version link keeps today's numbers while that saved publication is retained (the most recent 30 publications).