Energy import dependency
Net energy imports divided by gross available energy. Values above 100% occur when a country builds up stocks; negative values mean the country is a net exporter.
37 countries have a value for 2024, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
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The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
% of gross available energy. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | Malta | Spain |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 98.4% | 68.9% |
| 2023 | 97.6% | 68.3% |
| 2022 | 99.0% | 74.2% |
| 2021 | 97.0% | 69.4% |
| 2020 | 97.6% | 67.9% |
| 2019 | 97.3% | 75.0% |
| 2018 | 97.5% | 73.6% |
| 2017 | 103.1% | 73.9% |
| 2016 | 101.1% | 71.5% |
| 2015 | 97.3% | 72.7% |
| 2014 | 97.7% | 72.6% |
| 2013 | 104.1% | 70.0% |
| 2012 | 101.0% | 72.8% |
| 2011 | 101.3% | 76.0% |
| 2010 | 99.0% | 77.0% |
| 2009 | 99.9% | 79.5% |
| 2008 | 100.0% | 81.6% |
| 2007 | 100.0% | 79.6% |
| 2006 | 100.0% | 81.3% |
| 2005 | 100.0% | 81.5% |
| 2004 | 99.8% | 77.7% |
| 2003 | 99.8% | 76.7% |
| 2002 | 99.8% | 78.6% |
| 2001 | 99.8% | 74.8% |
| 2000 | 100.2% | 76.8% |
A dash means no value was published for that period.
In short
- Among the 37 countries with a value for 2024, the highest is Malta (98.4%) and the lowest Norway (-677.2%).
- Half of the countries are above 53.3% and half below.
- From 2023 to 2024 the value rose in 17 countries and fell in 20.
- The figure for the European Union was 57.3% in 2024, against 60.5% in 2019 (−3.2 percentage points).
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2024 Every value is for 2024, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Malta 98.4%
- 2 Luxembourg 91.0%
- 3 Cyprus 87.7%
- 4 Ireland 79.5%
- 5 Moldova 79.3%
- 6 Georgia 78.5%
- 7 Greece 77.7%
- 8 Belgium 75.4%
- 9 Italy 73.9%
- 10 Netherlands 70.6%
- 11 Spain 68.9%
- 12 Türkiye 68.1%
- 13 Germany 66.8%
- 14 Lithuania 66.0%
- 15 North Macedonia 64.8%
- 16 Portugal 64.5%
- 17 Croatia 59.9%
- 18 Slovakia 53.5%
- 19 Austria 53.3%
- 20 Hungary 48.9%
- 21 Slovenia 46.4%
- 22 Poland 45.7%
- 23 Bulgaria 41.9%
- 24 France 41.7%
- 25 Serbia 40.8%
- 26 Czechia 39.3%
- 27 Denmark 38.2%
- 28 Finland 33.0%
- 29 Montenegro 32.6%
- 30 Romania 30.4%
- 31 Latvia 29.3%
- 32 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27.8%
- 33 Albania 27.1%
- 34 Sweden 26.5%
- 35 Iceland 16.8%
- 36 Estonia 4.6%
- 37 Norway -677.2%
- European Union 57.3%
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Grey: no value for 2024. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.