United Kingdom

Population on 1 January 67,025,542p (Provisional) people 2020 · Eurostat Population by age and sex 67,025,542p (Provisional) people 2020 · Eurostat Crude birth rate 9.3 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Crude death rate 9.4 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Total fertility rate 1.68 births per woman 2018 · Eurostat Population aged 65 and over 18.4% 2019 · Eurostat Median age of the population 40.2 years 2019 · Eurostat Old-age dependency ratio 28.9 per 100 working-age people 2019 · Eurostat Natural population change 0.0 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Population estimates and projections 68,682,962 people 2023 · UN Population Division Median age estimates and projections 39.8 years 2023 · UN Population Division Fertility rate estimates and projections 1.56 births per woman 2023 · UN Population Division Population growth estimates and projections 0.70% 2023 · UN Population Division Population 69,487,000 people 2025 · World Bank Population growth 0.30% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 65 and over 19.7% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 0 to 14 17.0% 2025 · World Bank Fertility rate 1.55 births per woman 2024 · World Bank Crude birth rate 9.9 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Crude death rate 9.7 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Urban population share 83.3% 2025 · World Bank Adolescent birth rate 7.8 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 · World Bank Age dependency ratio 57.9 per 100 working-age people 2025 · World Bank Population density 286.4 people per km² 2024 · World Bank Urban population growth 0.39% 2025 · World Bank

Immigration 680,906 immigrants 2019 · Eurostat Emigration 368,385 emigrants 2019 · Eurostat Acquisitions of citizenship 159,348 people 2019 · Eurostat First-time asylum applicants 44,315 applicants 2019 · Eurostat Net migration rate 2.5 per 1,000 people 2025 · Eurostat Net migration estimates and projections 6.5 per 1,000 people 2023 · UN Population Division Net migration 389,911 people 2025 · World Bank International migrant stock 17.1% 2024 · World Bank Personal remittances received 0.1% 2025 · World Bank

Monthly unemployment rate (seasonally adjusted) 4.9% September 2020 · Eurostat Usual weekly working hours 37.0 hours per week 2019 · Eurostat Part-time employment 24.4% 2019 · Eurostat Monthly youth unemployment 14.5% September 2020 · Eurostat UK unemployment rate 4.7% July 2026 · ONS UK employment rate 75.3% July 2026 · ONS UK economic inactivity 20.9% July 2026 · ONS ILO estimate of the unemployment rate 4.7% 2025 · ILOSTAT ILO estimate of youth unemployment 14.6% 2025 · ILOSTAT Labour force participation 61.4% 2025 · ILOSTAT Women's labour force participation 57.3% 2025 · ILOSTAT Employment-to-population ratio 58.5% 2025 · ILOSTAT OECD monthly unemployment rate 4.7% July 2026 · OECD Employment in agriculture 0.9% 2025 · World Bank Employment in industry 15.9% 2025 · World Bank Employment in services 83.2% 2025 · World Bank

Median equivalised net income €21,464 per year 2018 · Eurostat Unadjusted gender pay gap 19.8% 2018 · Eurostat Hourly labour cost €27.9 per hour 2016 · Eurostat Monthly minimum wage €1,583 per month H2 2020 · Eurostat Net annual earnings €35,783 per year 2019 · Eurostat UK earnings growth 3.7% August 2026 · ONS

GDP per capita in PPS 98 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat UK GDP growth 0.5% Q2 2026 · ONS GDP in US dollars US$4.00 trillion 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita in US dollars US$57,602 per person 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita, PPP Int$53,993 per person 2025 · World Bank GNI per capita, Atlas method US$54,550 per person 2025 · World Bank Real GDP growth 1.4% 2025 · World Bank Services share of GDP 73.1% 2025 · World Bank Investment share of GDP 19.7% 2025 · World Bank Savings share of GDP 17.2% 2025 · World Bank Household consumption per person US$29,689 per person 2025 · World Bank

HICP inflation 1.8% 2019 · Eurostat HICP price index 107.80 (2015 = 100) 2019 · Eurostat Monthly HICP inflation 0.3% November 2020 · Eurostat Consumer price level index 129 (EU = 100) 2024 · Eurostat Energy price inflation (HICP) -2.4% 2016 · Eurostat UK inflation (CPI) 3.5% September 2026 · ONS UK inflation (CPIH) 3.6% September 2026 · ONS OECD monthly CPI inflation 3.6% September 2026 · OECD Consumer price inflation 3.9% 2025 · World Bank Consumer price index 153.1 (2010 = 100) 2025 · World Bank Inflation measured by the GDP deflator 3.7% 2025 · World Bank Exchange rate to the US dollar 0.759 per US$ 2025 · World Bank

House price change 1.0% 2019 · Eurostat Housing cost overburden rate 15.1% 2018 · Eurostat Overcrowding rate 4.8% 2018 · Eurostat Home ownership rate 65.2% 2018 · Eurostat Inability to keep home adequately warm 5.4% 2018 · Eurostat Average household size 2.3 people per household 2018 · Eurostat House prices, quarterly 2.7% Q3 2020 · Eurostat Arrears on utility bills 5.4% 2018 · Eurostat Slum population 0.2% 2022 · World Bank

Tertiary education attainment, ages 25 to 34 49.4% 2019 · Eurostat Early leavers from education and training 10.9% 2019 · Eurostat Adult participation in learning 14.8% 2019 · Eurostat ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate 14.3% 2025 · ILOSTAT Primary completion (UIS) 99.8% 2019 · UNESCO UIS Lower secondary completion 99.6% 2019 · UNESCO UIS Upper secondary completion 84.5% 2019 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school children 0.1%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school adolescents 1.3%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school youth 5.2%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Primary net enrolment 99.9%nat_est (National estimate) 2023 · UNESCO UIS Education share of public spending 11.8% 2021 · UNESCO UIS Education spending 5.9% 2021 · World Bank Primary school enrolment (gross) 102.2% 2023 · World Bank Tertiary education enrolment (gross) 80.4% 2023 · World Bank Primary school completion rate 101.1% 2023 · World Bank Secondary school enrolment (gross) 112.1% 2023 · World Bank

Life expectancy at birth 81.3 years 2018 · Eurostat Infant mortality rate 3.9 per 1,000 live births 2018 · Eurostat Practising physicians 294 per 100,000 people 2019 · Eurostat People reporting good or very good health 73.2% 2018 · Eurostat Health spending share of GDP 10.2% 2019 · Eurostat Practising nurses 660d (Definition differs) per 100,000 people 2019 · Eurostat Healthy life years at birth 61.2 years 2018 · Eurostat Life expectancy at age 65 20.1 years 2018 · Eurostat Adults with obesity 19.8% 2014 · Eurostat Daily smokers 14.2% 2014 · Eurostat Life expectancy estimates and projections 81.3 years 2023 · UN Population Division Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections 20.2 years 2023 · UN Population Division Healthy life expectancy 68.2 years 2023 · WHO UHC service coverage 88 2023 · WHO Alcohol consumption 8.81 litres 2024 · WHO Adult obesity 27.4% 2024 · WHO Hypertension 26.4% 2019 · WHO Suicide rate 9.6 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Premature NCD mortality 10.9% 2023 · WHO Physical inactivity 21.9% 2022 · WHO DTP3 immunisation 92% 2025 · WHO Anaemia in women 13.6% 2023 · WHO Poisoning deaths 0.3 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Nurses and midwives 95.6 per 10,000 people 2023 · WHO Dentists 5.08 per 10,000 people 2023 · WHO Life expectancy at birth 81.4 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, women 83.3 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, men 79.5 years 2024 · World Bank Health spending share of GDP 11.1% 2024 · World Bank Under-five mortality rate 4.7 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Infant mortality rate 4.1 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Maternal mortality ratio 8 per 100,000 live births 2023 · World Bank Physicians 3.30 per 1,000 people 2023 · World Bank Hospital beds 2.4 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Measles immunisation 89% 2024 · World Bank Tobacco use 12.8% 2024 · World Bank Out-of-pocket health spending 14.6% 2024 · World Bank Health spending per person US$5,860 per person 2024 · World Bank Diabetes prevalence 7.4% 2024 · World Bank Neonatal mortality rate 3.0 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Child stunting 2.0% 2019 · World Bank Tuberculosis incidence 10 per 100,000 people 2024 · World Bank HIV incidence 0.10 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2023 · World Bank

Households with internet access 97.3% 2020 · Eurostat Internet use in the last three months 97.3% 2020 · Eurostat Daily internet use 93.5% 2020 · Eurostat Online shopping 90.2% 2020 · Eurostat ICT specialists in employment 5.6%e (Estimated) 2019 · Eurostat Internet users 95.5% 2024 · World Bank Mobile subscriptions 122 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank Fixed broadband subscriptions 42.2 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank

Monthly industrial production -4.0% October 2020 · Eurostat Industry share of GDP 16.5% 2025 · World Bank New businesses registered 841,138 companies 2024 · World Bank Medium and high-tech manufacturing 45.4% 2024 · World Bank Manufacturing share of GDP 7.7% 2025 · World Bank

Current account balance, quarterly -3.4% Q3 2020 · Eurostat Exports share of GDP 30.6% 2025 · World Bank Imports share of GDP 31.9% 2025 · World Bank Trade as a share of GDP 62.5% 2025 · World Bank Foreign direct investment inflows 0.9% 2025 · World Bank Current account balance -3.1% 2025 · World Bank High-technology exports 29.2% 2024 · World Bank

Nights spent in tourist accommodation 476,356,101 nights 2016 · Eurostat Arrivals at tourist accommodation 122,041,074 arrivals 2016 · Eurostat Bed-place occupancy rate in hotels 51.6% 2016 · Eurostat

Car share of passenger transport 86.9%e (Estimated) 2019 · Eurostat Car ownership 474 per 1,000 people 2024 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 2.8 per 100,000 people 2018 · Eurostat Rail passenger transport 71,823 million passenger-km 2019 · Eurostat Road share of inland freight transport 90.8% 2019 · Eurostat New zero-emission cars 19.2% 2024 · Eurostat Road traffic deaths 3.2 per 100,000 people 2019 · World Bank Air passengers carried 118,945,920 passengers 2023 · World Bank

Energy import dependency 34.8% 2019 · Eurostat Electricity price for households €0.2203 per kWh H1 2020 · Eurostat Natural gas price for households €0.0476 per kWh H1 2020 · Eurostat Access to electricity 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Clean cooking access 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Renewable energy share 12.2% 2021 · World Bank Fossil electricity share 32.2% 2025 · World Bank Net energy imports 47.6% 2024 · World Bank

Temperature change 1.84e (Estimate) °C 2025 · FAOSTAT Agrifood emissions per person 1.87e (Estimate) t CO2e per person 2024 · FAOSTAT Total greenhouse gas emissions 386.7 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Greenhouse gas emissions per person 5.6 t CO2e per person 2024 · World Bank CO2 emissions per person 4.22 t CO2 per person 2024 · World Bank Methane emissions 58.9 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Nitrous oxide emissions 25.62 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank

PM2.5 air pollution 7.9 µg/m³ 2023 · WHO Forest area 13.5% 2024 · World Bank Protected areas 42.1% 2025 · World Bank PM2.5 air pollution exposure 9.5 µg/m³ 2023 · World Bank Terrestrial protected areas 28.4% 2025 · World Bank

Total waste generated per person 4,249 kg per person 2018 · Eurostat Basic drinking water access 100.0% 2024 · World Bank Safely managed drinking water 99.8% 2024 · World Bank Basic sanitation access 99.1% 2024 · World Bank Level of water stress 14.4% 2022 · World Bank Renewable internal freshwater per person 2,144 m³ per person 2022 · World Bank Safely managed sanitation 97.8% 2024 · World Bank

Area under organic farming 2.6% 2019 · Eurostat Cost of a healthy diet Int$2.75e (Estimate) per person per day 2025 · FAOSTAT Healthy diet unaffordable 2.9%e (Estimate) 2025 · FAOSTAT Pesticide use 2.75e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Nitrogen fertiliser use 113.1e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Agriculture share of GDP 0.6% 2025 · World Bank Cereal yield 6,558 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Agricultural land 69.2% 2024 · World Bank Capture fisheries production 755,323 tonnes 2024 · World Bank Prevalence of undernourishment 2.5% 2024 · World Bank Food production index 97.7 (2014-16 = 100) 2024 · World Bank Fertiliser use 193.7 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Land area 241,930 km² 2024 · World Bank

At-risk-of-poverty rate 18.6% 2018 · Eurostat Poverty or social exclusion rate 22.8% 2018 · Eurostat Income inequality (Gini) 33.5 (0 to 100) 2018 · Eurostat Income quintile share ratio (S80/S20) 5.63 times 2018 · Eurostat Severe material and social deprivation 4.5% 2018 · Eurostat Gini index 32.4 (0 to 100) 2021 · World Bank Income share held by the richest 10% 25.0% 2021 · World Bank Extreme poverty rate 0.4% 2021 · World Bank Poverty rate at national poverty lines 18.6% 2017 · World Bank Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP) 0.5% 2021 · World Bank Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) 0.9% 2021 · World Bank

UK public debt 94.0% September 2026 · ONS Tax revenue 26.9% 2024 · World Bank Central government expense 41.2% 2023 · World Bank

R&D spending share of GDP 1.73%p (Provisional) 2019 · Eurostat Researchers as a share of the labour force 0.97%p (Provisional) 2019 · Eurostat R&D spending share of GDP 2.68% 2023 · World Bank Researchers per million people 4,473 per million people 2017 · World Bank Scientific and technical journal articles 97,536 articles 2023 · World Bank

Crime or vandalism in the area 24.2%u (Low reliability) 2018 · Eurostat Intentional homicides 1.1 per 100,000 people 2021 · World Bank

Cultural employment 5.1% 2019 · Eurostat Average life satisfaction 7.6 out of 10 2018 · Eurostat Women in national parliament 40.5% 2025 · World Bank