Mean annual exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
Population-weighted average annual concentration of fine particles smaller than 2.5 microns, which can penetrate deep into the lungs. WHO's 2021 guideline value is 5 µg/m³.
Highest in 2023
107.8 µg/m³
Qatar
Lowest in 2023
1.6 µg/m³
Greenland
Euro area, 2023
10.3 µg/m³
Official aggregate published by the source
Countries ranked for 2023
200
Updated by the source on 8 October 2026
200 countries have a value for 2023, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
View
Paraguay
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Micrograms per cubic metre. Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | Paraguay |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 15.3 µg/m³ |
| 2022 | 14.4 µg/m³ |
| 2021 | 15.8 µg/m³ |
| 2020 | 19.6 µg/m³ |
| 2019 | 16.4 µg/m³ |
| 2018 | 13.0 µg/m³ |
| 2017 | 14.3 µg/m³ |
| 2016 | 14.1 µg/m³ |
| 2015 | 15.0 µg/m³ |
| 2014 | 14.1 µg/m³ |
| 2013 | 12.2 µg/m³ |
| 2012 | 14.1 µg/m³ |
| 2011 | 14.4 µg/m³ |
| 2010 | 16.6 µg/m³ |
| 2009 | 14.9 µg/m³ |
| 2008 | 17.5 µg/m³ |
| 2007 | 17.9 µg/m³ |
| 2006 | 20.9 µg/m³ |
| 2005 | 23.5 µg/m³ |
| 2004 | 24.5 µg/m³ |
| 2003 | 26.5 µg/m³ |
| 2002 | 23.8 µg/m³ |
| 2001 | 24.3 µg/m³ |
| 2000 | 24.9 µg/m³ |
| 1999 | 24.9 µg/m³ |
A dash means no value was published for that period.
In short
- Among the 200 countries with a value for 2023, the highest is Qatar (107.8 µg/m³) and the lowest Greenland (1.6 µg/m³).
- Half of the countries are above 17.3 µg/m³ and half below.
- From 2022 to 2023 the value rose in 56 countries and fell in 144.
- The figure for the world was 32.9 µg/m³ in 2023, against 34.7 µg/m³ in 2018 (−5.4%).
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2023 Every value is for 2023, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Qatar 107.8 µg/m³
- 2 Saudi Arabia 73.5 µg/m³
- 3 Bangladesh 69.3 µg/m³
- 4 Nigeria 65.7 µg/m³
- 5 Niger 65.2 µg/m³
- 6 Kuwait 62.3 µg/m³
- 7 Pakistan 58.4 µg/m³
- 8 United Arab Emirates 57.2 µg/m³
- 9 Bahrain 56.6 µg/m³
- 10 Cameroon 55.6 µg/m³
- 11 India 54.1 µg/m³
- 12 Nepal 53.2 µg/m³
- 13 Iraq 49.5 µg/m³
- 14 Oman 46.9 µg/m³
- 15 Yemen 46.8 µg/m³
- 16 Mauritania 46.5 µg/m³
- 17 Egypt 43.1 µg/m³
- 18 Chad 43.0 µg/m³
- 19 Mongolia 42.7 µg/m³
- 20 Equatorial Guinea 42.2 µg/m³
- 21 Senegal 41.6 µg/m³
- 22 Djibouti 40.3 µg/m³
- 23 Iran 40.2 µg/m³
- 24 Benin 39.7 µg/m³
- 25 Gambia 38.3 µg/m³
- 26 Afghanistan 37.9 µg/m³
- 27 Sudan 37.6 µg/m³
- 28 Burkina Faso 37.3 µg/m³
- 29 Republic of the Congo 36.5 µg/m³
- 30 Rwanda 36.0 µg/m³
- 31 Democratic Republic of the Congo 35.8 µg/m³
- 32 Burundi 35.7 µg/m³
- 33 Mali 35.5 µg/m³
- 34 Myanmar 35.1 µg/m³
- 35 Togo 34.3 µg/m³
- 36 Eritrea 33.7 µg/m³
- 37 Tajikistan 33.3 µg/m³
- 38 Central African Republic 33.3 µg/m³
- 39 Uzbekistan 32.8 µg/m³
- 40 Jordan 32.6 µg/m³
- 41 Guinea-Bissau 32.3 µg/m³
- 42 Syria 32.1 µg/m³
- 43 China 32.0 µg/m³
- 44 Gabon 31.3 µg/m³
- 45 Turkmenistan 31.2 µg/m³
- 46 Uganda 31.2 µg/m³
- 47 Peru 31.1 µg/m³
- 48 Honduras 30.7 µg/m³
- 49 Bhutan 30.1 µg/m³
- 50 Guatemala 29.7 µg/m³
- 51 El Salvador 29.6 µg/m³
- 52 Armenia 28.6 µg/m³
- 53 Ghana 28.1 µg/m³
- 54 Bolivia 28.1 µg/m³
- 55 South Africa 27.7 µg/m³
- 56 Guinea 27.3 µg/m³
- 57 Lebanon 26.7 µg/m³
- 58 Lesotho 26.4 µg/m³
- 59 Türkiye 26.4 µg/m³
- 60 Bosnia and Herzegovina 26.1 µg/m³
- 61 Laos 26.0 µg/m³
- 62 Viet Nam 24.8 µg/m³
- 63 Ethiopia 23.8 µg/m³
- 64 Azerbaijan 23.7 µg/m³
- 65 South Sudan 23.7 µg/m³
- 66 Thailand 23.5 µg/m³
- 67 Chile 23.1 µg/m³
- 68 Sri Lanka 22.7 µg/m³
- 69 Sierra Leone 22.5 µg/m³
- 70 West Bank and Gaza 22.4 µg/m³
- 71 Philippines 22.2 µg/m³
- 72 Israel 21.9 µg/m³
- 73 South Korea 21.9 µg/m³
- 74 North Macedonia 21.8 µg/m³
- 75 North Korea 21.8 µg/m³
- 76 Jamaica 21.7 µg/m³
- 77 Indonesia 20.8 µg/m³
- 78 Nicaragua 20.4 µg/m³
- 79 Côte d'Ivoire 20.4 µg/m³
- 80 Kenya 20.3 µg/m³
- 81 Zambia 20.2 µg/m³
- 82 Cabo Verde 20.2 µg/m³
- 83 Tanzania 20.2 µg/m³
- 84 Kyrgyzstan 20.1 µg/m³
- 85 Libya 20.0 µg/m³
- 86 Angola 19.9 µg/m³
- 87 Bulgaria 19.7 µg/m³
- 88 Kazakhstan 19.6 µg/m³
- 89 Cambodia 19.4 µg/m³
- 90 Serbia 19.3 µg/m³
- 91 Venezuela 19.2 µg/m³
- 92 Tunisia 18.9 µg/m³
- 93 Morocco 18.7 µg/m³
- 94 Ecuador 18.6 µg/m³
- 95 Georgia 18.6 µg/m³
- 96 Somalia, Fed. Rep. 18.5 µg/m³
- 97 Montenegro 18.5 µg/m³
- 98 Colombia 18.4 µg/m³
- 99 Liberia 17.9 µg/m³
- 100 Costa Rica 17.7 µg/m³
- 101 Guyana 16.9 µg/m³
- 102 Belize 16.8 µg/m³
- 103 Eswatini 16.7 µg/m³
- 104 Malawi 16.7 µg/m³
- 105 Mexico 16.6 µg/m³
- 106 Algeria 16.5 µg/m³
- 107 Poland 16.5 µg/m³
- 108 Cyprus 16.1 µg/m³
- 109 Romania 16.0 µg/m³
- 110 Malaysia 15.9 µg/m³
- 111 Haiti 15.8 µg/m³
- 112 Croatia 15.8 µg/m³
- 113 Suriname 15.7 µg/m³
- 114 Albania 15.5 µg/m³
- 115 Paraguay 15.3 µg/m³
- 116 Singapore 15.1 µg/m³
- 117 Panama 15.1 µg/m³
- 118 São Tomé and Príncipe 15.1 µg/m³
- 119 Zimbabwe 15.0 µg/m³
- 120 Moldova 14.9 µg/m³
- 121 Ukraine 14.9 µg/m³
- 122 Argentina 14.3 µg/m³
- 123 Italy 14.3 µg/m³
- 124 Namibia 14.2 µg/m³
- 125 Greece 14.1 µg/m³
- 126 Papua New Guinea 14.1 µg/m³
- 127 Mauritius 14.1 µg/m³
- 128 Trinidad and Tobago 13.8 µg/m³
- 129 Mozambique 13.7 µg/m³
- 130 Slovakia 13.7 µg/m³
- 131 Hungary 13.7 µg/m³
- 132 Dominican Republic 13.5 µg/m³
- 133 Brazil 13.4 µg/m³
- 134 Botswana 13.2 µg/m³
- 135 Latvia 13.0 µg/m³
- 136 Czechia 12.7 µg/m³
- 137 San Marino 12.7 µg/m³
- 138 Slovenia 12.6 µg/m³
- 139 Madagascar 12.4 µg/m³
- 140 Timor-Leste 12.0 µg/m³
- 141 Belarus 12.0 µg/m³
- 142 Russia 11.6 µg/m³
- 143 Dominica 11.5 µg/m³
- 144 Japan 11.5 µg/m³
- 145 Monaco 11.4 µg/m³
- 146 Maldives 11.2 µg/m³
- 147 Grenada 11.0 µg/m³
- 148 Barbados 10.9 µg/m³
- 149 Uruguay 10.9 µg/m³
- 150 Malta 10.8 µg/m³
- 151 Lithuania 10.7 µg/m³
- 152 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10.6 µg/m³
- 153 Saint Lucia 10.4 µg/m³
- 154 Comoros 10.2 µg/m³
- 155 Spain 10.1 µg/m³
- 156 Austria 10.0 µg/m³
- 157 Solomon Islands 9.8 µg/m³
- 158 United Kingdom 9.5 µg/m³
- 159 Cuba 9.4 µg/m³
- 160 Seychelles 9.3 µg/m³
- 161 Andorra 8.9 µg/m³
- 162 Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.9 µg/m³
- 163 Germany 8.8 µg/m³
- 164 Portugal 8.8 µg/m³
- 165 Netherlands 8.6 µg/m³
- 166 Belgium 8.4 µg/m³
- 167 Antigua and Barbuda 8.4 µg/m³
- 168 Switzerland 8.3 µg/m³
- 169 France 8.2 µg/m³
- 170 Puerto Rico (US) 7.8 µg/m³
- 171 Brunei 7.6 µg/m³
- 172 Ireland 7.5 µg/m³
- 173 Denmark 7.5 µg/m³
- 174 Luxembourg 7.4 µg/m³
- 175 Vanuatu 7.0 µg/m³
- 176 United States 7.0 µg/m³
- 177 New Zealand 6.9 µg/m³
- 178 US Virgin Islands 6.8 µg/m³
- 179 Canada 6.6 µg/m³
- 180 Fiji 6.4 µg/m³
- 181 Australia 6.4 µg/m³
- 182 Estonia 5.9 µg/m³
- 183 Norway 5.5 µg/m³
- 184 Bahamas 5.3 µg/m³
- 185 Sweden 5.3 µg/m³
- 186 Tuvalu 5.2 µg/m³
- 187 Palau 4.9 µg/m³
- 188 Iceland 4.9 µg/m³
- 189 Naoero 4.8 µg/m³
- 190 Tonga 4.7 µg/m³
- 191 Bermuda 4.6 µg/m³
- 192 Samoa 4.6 µg/m³
- 193 Finland 4.6 µg/m³
- 194 American Samoa 4.3 µg/m³
- 195 Marshall Islands 4.1 µg/m³
- 196 Kiribati 3.9 µg/m³
- 197 Micronesia 3.5 µg/m³
- 198 Guam 3.5 µg/m³
- 199 Northern Mariana Islands 2.7 µg/m³
- 200 Greenland 1.6 µg/m³
- East Asia and Pacific 27.3 µg/m³
- Euro area 10.3 µg/m³
- Europe and Central Asia 14.4 µg/m³
- European Union 11.0 µg/m³
- Latin America and Caribbean 17.4 µg/m³
- Middle East and North Africa 45.4 µg/m³
- North America 6.9 µg/m³
- OECD members 12.0 µg/m³
- South Asia 55.2 µg/m³
- Sub-Saharan Africa 35.4 µg/m³
- World 32.9 µg/m³
Below the line: groups and aggregates, not ranked.
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Grey: no value for 2023. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.