Government debt as a share of GDP
Consolidated gross debt of general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) at nominal value at the end of the year, as defined for the EU excessive deficit procedure, as a percentage of GDP.
27 countries have a value for 2025, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union | Germany | France | Spain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 81.5% | 62.8% | 115.7% | 100.5% |
| 2024 | 80.3% | 61.4% | 112.6% | 101.4% |
| 2023 | 80.3% | 61.8% | 109.5% | 105.3% |
| 2022 | 82.3% | 64.1% | 111.4% | 109.3% |
| 2021 | 86.6% | 67.4% | 112.8% | 115.7% |
| 2020 | 89.4% | 67.5% | 114.9% | 119.3% |
| 2019 | 77.4% | 58.3% | 98.2% | 97.7% |
| 2018 | 79.4% | 60.5% | 98.5% | 99.8% |
| 2017 | 81.5% | 63.7% | 98.8% | 101.2% |
| 2016 | 84.0% | 68.1% | 98.1% | 102.0% |
| 2015 | 85.0% | 71.0% | 97.0% | 102.5% |
| 2014 | 86.9% | 74.4% | 96.2% | 104.4% |
| 2013 | 86.8% | 77.4% | 94.6% | 100.0% |
| 2012 | 85.0% | 79.8% | 91.7% | 89.6% |
| 2011 | 81.7% | 78.5% | 88.7% | 69.5% |
| 2010 | 80.4% | 81.0% | 86.3% | 60.3% |
| 2009 | 75.7% | 72.4% | 84.1% | 53.1% |
| 2008 | 65.1% | 65.2% | 69.8% | 39.6% |
| 2007 | 62.4% | 63.7% | 65.5% | 35.7% |
| 2006 | 65.0% | 66.4% | 65.4% | 39.0% |
| 2005 | 67.2% | 67.1% | 68.2% | 42.4% |
| 2004 | 67.1% | 65.0% | 66.9% | 45.3% |
| 2003 | 66.8% | 63.3% | 65.4% | 47.7% |
| 2002 | 65.6% | 59.8% | 61.3% | 51.2% |
| 2001 | 65.8% | 58.1% | 59.3% | 54.1% |
A dash means no value was published for that period.
In short
- Among the 27 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Greece (145.4%) and the lowest Estonia (24.0%).
- Half of the countries are above 58.9% and half below.
- From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 19 countries and fell in 8.
- The figure for the European Union was 81.5% in 2025, against 89.4% in 2020 (−7.9 percentage points).
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2025 Every value is for 2025, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Greece 145.4%
- 2 Italy 136.7%
- 3 France 115.7%
- 4 Belgium 108.1%
- 5 Spain 100.5%
- 6 Portugal 89.2%
- 7 Finland 88.4%
- 8 Austria 80.7%
- 9 Hungary 74.4%
- 10 Slovenia 65.1%
- 11 Germany 62.8%
- 12 Slovakia 60.5%
- 13 Poland 59.6%
- 14 Romania 58.9%
- 15 Croatia 55.7%
- 16 Cyprus 52.3%
- 17 Malta 46.3%
- 18 Latvia 46.2%
- 19 Netherlands 44.7%
- 20 Czechia 44.2%
- 21 Lithuania 39.3%
- 22 Sweden 35.1%
- 23 Ireland 34.8%
- 24 Bulgaria 29.9%
- 25 Denmark 27.2%
- 26 Luxembourg 26.0%
- 27 Estonia 24.0%
- European Union 81.5%
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Grey: no value for 2025. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.