Government debt by country, 2025
Consolidated gross debt of general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) at nominal value at the end of the year, as defined for the EU excessive deficit procedure, as a percentage of GDP.
27 places ranked for 2025. Highest: Greece (145.4%). Lowest: Estonia (24.0%). The median is 58.9%.
Highest 10
Lowest 10
- 27. Estonia 24.0%
- 26. Luxembourg 26.0%
- 25. Denmark 27.2%
- 24. Bulgaria 29.9%
- 23. Ireland 34.8%
- 22. Sweden 35.1%
- 21. Lithuania 39.3%
- 20. Czechia 44.2%
- 19. Netherlands 44.7%
- 18. Latvia 46.2%
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Source: Eurostat.
In short
- Among the 27 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Greece (145.4%) and the lowest Estonia (24.0%).
- Half of the countries are above 58.9% and half below.
- From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 19 countries and fell in 8.
- The figure for the European Union was 81.5% in 2025, against 89.4% in 2020 (−7.9 percentage points).
Full ranking
| # | Country | Value | Period | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greece | 145.4% | 2025 | |
| 2 | Italy | 136.7% | 2025 | |
| 3 | France | 115.7% | 2025 | |
| 4 | Belgium | 108.1% | 2025 | |
| 5 | Spain | 100.5% | 2025 | |
| 6 | Portugal | 89.2% | 2025 | |
| 7 | Finland | 88.4% | 2025 | |
| 8 | Austria | 80.7% | 2025 | |
| 9 | Hungary | 74.4% | 2025 | |
| 10 | Slovenia | 65.1% | 2025 | |
| 11 | Germany | 62.8% | 2025 | |
| 12 | Slovakia | 60.5% | 2025 | |
| 13 | Poland | 59.6% | 2025 | |
| 14 | Romania | 58.9% | 2025 | |
| 15 | Croatia | 55.7% | 2025 | |
| 16 | Cyprus | 52.3% | 2025 | |
| 17 | Malta | 46.3% | 2025 | |
| 18 | Latvia | 46.2% | 2025 | |
| 19 | Netherlands | 44.7% | 2025 | |
| 20 | Czechia | 44.2% | 2025 | |
| 21 | Lithuania | 39.3% | 2025 | |
| 22 | Sweden | 35.1% | 2025 | |
| 23 | Ireland | 34.8% | 2025 | |
| 24 | Bulgaria | 29.9% | 2025 | |
| 25 | Denmark | 27.2% | 2025 | |
| 26 | Luxembourg | 26.0% | 2025 | |
| 27 | Estonia | 24.0% | 2025 |
Places are ordered from the highest to the lowest value. Group medians on this site are the middle value of the members with data for the same year; they are not official aggregates.
How this ranking works
Every country is ranked on its value for 2025, the latest period that most countries have, so all values are for the same point in time. Countries without a value for 2025 are left out. Groups and aggregates such as the European Union are not ranked. Values are as published by Eurostat; the ranking is a plain ordering from the highest to the lowest value and says nothing about whether a high value is good or bad.
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