Unadjusted gender pay gap
The difference between average gross hourly earnings of men and women, as a percentage of men's earnings. It covers industry, construction and services except public administration and defence. It is unadjusted: it does not control for occupation, hours or experience.
30 countries have a value for 2024, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
% of men's average gross hourly earnings. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union | Germany | France | Spain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 11.1%p (provisional) | 15.6%p (provisional) | 11.8%p (provisional) | 7.3%p (provisional) |
| 2023 | 11.7%p (provisional) | 17.6%p (provisional) | 12.3%p (provisional) | 7.3%p (provisional) |
| 2022 | 12.2% | 17.7%b (break in time series) | 12.8% | 9.2% |
| 2021 | 12.3% | 17.6% | 13.7% | 9.3% |
| 2020 | 12.7% | 18.3% | 15.0% | 9.3% |
| 2019 | 13.7% | 19.2% | 16.0% | 9.6% |
| 2018 | 14.4% | 20.1% | 16.7% | 11.9% |
| 2017 | 14.6% | 20.4% | 16.3% | 13.5% |
| 2016 | 15.1% | 21.1% | 15.9% | 14.8% |
| 2015 | 15.5% | 21.8% | 15.6% | 14.1% |
| 2014 | 15.7% | 22.3% | 15.5% | 14.9% |
| 2013 | 16.0% | 22.1% | 15.5% | 17.8% |
| 2012 | 16.4% | 22.7% | 15.6% | 18.7% |
| 2011 | 16.2% | 22.4% | 15.7% | 17.6% |
| 2010 | 15.8% | 22.3% | 15.6% | 16.2% |
| 2009 | – | 22.6% | 15.2% | 16.7% |
| 2008 | – | 22.8% | 16.9% | 16.1% |
| 2007 | – | 22.8% | 17.3% | 18.1% |
Flags: b break in time series; p provisional . A dash means no value was published.
In short
- Among the 30 countries with a value for 2024, the highest is Estonia (18.8%) and the lowest Luxembourg (-0.8%).
- Half of the countries are above 11.5% and half below.
- From 2023 to 2024 the value rose in 6 countries and fell in 19.
- The figure for the European Union was 11.1% in 2024, against 13.7% in 2019 (−2.6 percentage points).
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2024 Every value is for 2024, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Estonia 18.8%p (provisional)
- 2 Czechia 18.5%dp (definition differs (see metadata), provisional)
- 3 Austria 17.6%p (provisional)
- 4 Hungary 16.9%p (provisional)
- 5 Finland 16.3%bp (break in time series, provisional)
- 6 Switzerland 16.0%p (provisional)
- 7 Slovakia 15.7%p (provisional)
- 8 Germany 15.6%p (provisional)
- 9 Denmark 14.0%p (provisional)
- 10 Latvia 13.9%p (provisional)
- 11 Greece 13.4%p (provisional)
- 12 Norway 13.0%dp (definition differs (see metadata), provisional)
- 13 Bulgaria 12.0%p (provisional)
- 14 Cyprus 11.8%p (provisional)
- 15 France 11.8%p (provisional)
- 16 Netherlands 11.2%p (provisional)
- 17 Sweden 11.2%p (provisional)
- 18 Iceland 11.1%p (provisional)
- 19 Lithuania 10.0%p (provisional)
- 20 Ireland 8.3%p (provisional)
- 21 Slovenia 8.0%p (provisional)
- 22 Spain 7.3%p (provisional)
- 23 Portugal 7.0%p (provisional)
- 24 Croatia 6.6%p (provisional)
- 25 Italy 5.3%p (provisional)
- 26 Malta 4.9%p (provisional)
- 27 Poland 4.0%
- 28 Romania 3.7%e (estimated)
- 29 Belgium 0.7%p (provisional)
- 30 Luxembourg -0.8%p (provisional)
- European Union 11.1%p (provisional)
Downloads
Share and cite
Other citation formats
Embed this chart on your site
Data as JSON: API · how to use it. Updates: Atom feed.
Report a problem with this figure
The plain link always shows the latest figures. The version link keeps today's numbers while that saved publication is retained (the most recent 30 publications).
Related measures
- Employment rate of women, ages 20 to 64Eurostat
- Hourly labour costEurostat
In this topic
Map
The map loads when you scroll to it.
Grey: no value for 2024. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.