Unadjusted gender pay gap by country, 2024
The difference between average gross hourly earnings of men and women, as a percentage of men's earnings. It covers industry, construction and services except public administration and defence. It is unadjusted: it does not control for occupation, hours or experience.
30 places ranked for 2024. Highest: Estonia (18.8%). Lowest: Luxembourg (-0.8%). The median is 11.5%.
Highest 10
- 1. Estonia 18.8%p (provisional)
- 2. Czechia 18.5%dp (definition differs (see metadata), provisional)
- 3. Austria 17.6%p (provisional)
- 4. Hungary 16.9%p (provisional)
- 5. Finland 16.3%bp (break in time series, provisional)
- 6. Switzerland 16.0%p (provisional)
- 7. Slovakia 15.7%p (provisional)
- 8. Germany 15.6%p (provisional)
- 9. Denmark 14.0%p (provisional)
- 10. Latvia 13.9%p (provisional)
Lowest 10
- 30. Luxembourg -0.8%p (provisional)
- 29. Belgium 0.7%p (provisional)
- 28. Romania 3.7%e (estimated)
- 27. Poland 4.0%
- 26. Malta 4.9%p (provisional)
- 25. Italy 5.3%p (provisional)
- 24. Croatia 6.6%p (provisional)
- 23. Portugal 7.0%p (provisional)
- 22. Spain 7.3%p (provisional)
- 21. Slovenia 8.0%p (provisional)
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Source: Eurostat.
In short
- Among the 30 countries with a value for 2024, the highest is Estonia (18.8%) and the lowest Luxembourg (-0.8%).
- Half of the countries are above 11.5% and half below.
- From 2023 to 2024 the value rose in 6 countries and fell in 19.
- The figure for the European Union was 11.1% in 2024, against 13.7% in 2019 (−2.6 percentage points).
Full ranking
Places are ordered from the highest to the lowest value. Group medians on this site are the middle value of the members with data for the same year; they are not official aggregates.
How this ranking works
Every country is ranked on its value for 2024, the latest period that most countries have, so all values are for the same point in time. Countries without a value for 2024 are left out. Groups and aggregates such as the European Union are not ranked. Values are as published by Eurostat; the ranking is a plain ordering from the highest to the lowest value and says nothing about whether a high value is good or bad.
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