Inflation rate (HICP, annual average)
The change in the average level of the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices for all items over the year, compared with the previous year's average. The HICP is built on a common method so that EU countries can be compared.
36 countries have a value for 2025, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Annual average rate of change, %. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union | Germany | France | Spain |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2.5% | 2.3% | 0.9% | 2.7% |
| 2024 | 2.6% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.9% |
| 2023 | 6.4% | 6.0% | 5.7% | 3.4% |
| 2022 | 9.2% | 8.7% | 5.9% | 8.3% |
| 2021 | 2.9% | 3.2% | 2.1% | 3.0% |
| 2020 | 0.7% | 0.4% | 0.5% | -0.3% |
| 2019 | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 0.8% |
| 2018 | 1.8% | 1.9% | 2.1% | 1.7% |
| 2017 | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.2% | 2.0% |
| 2016 | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.3% | -0.3% |
| 2015 | 0.1% | 0.7% | 0.1% | -0.6% |
| 2014 | 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.6% | -0.2% |
| 2013 | 1.3% | 1.6% | 1.0% | 1.5% |
| 2012 | 2.6% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 2.4% |
| 2011 | 2.9% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 3.1% |
| 2010 | 1.8% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 2.0% |
| 2009 | 0.8% | 0.2% | 0.1% | -0.2% |
| 2008 | 3.7% | 2.8% | 3.2% | 4.1% |
| 2007 | 2.4% | 2.3% | 1.6% | 2.8% |
| 2006 | 2.3% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 3.6% |
| 2005 | 2.3% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 3.4% |
| 2004 | 2.5% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 3.1% |
| 2003 | 2.3% | 1.1% | 2.2% | 3.1% |
| 2002 | 2.8% | 1.3% | 1.9% | 3.6% |
| 2001 | 3.6% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 2.8% |
A dash means no value was published for that period.
In short
- Among the 36 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Türkiye (34.9%) and the lowest Switzerland (0.1%).
- Half of the countries are above 3.0% and half below.
- From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 19 countries and fell in 15.
- The figure for the European Union was 2.5% in 2025, against 0.7% in 2020 (+1.8 percentage points).
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2025 Every value is for 2025, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Türkiye 34.9%
- 2 Romania 6.8%
- 3 Estonia 4.8%
- 4 Croatia 4.4%
- 5 Hungary 4.4%
- 6 North Macedonia 4.3%
- 7 Slovakia 4.2%
- 8 Montenegro 4.1%
- 9 Serbia 4.1%
- 10 Kosovo 3.9%
- 11 Latvia 3.8%
- 12 Iceland 3.7%
- 13 Austria 3.6%
- 14 Bulgaria 3.5%
- 15 Lithuania 3.4%
- 16 Poland 3.3%
- 17 Belgium 3.0%
- 18 Netherlands 3.0%
- 19 Greece 2.9%
- 20 Norway 2.8%
- 21 Spain 2.7%
- 22 Sweden 2.6%
- 23 Luxembourg 2.5%
- 24 Slovenia 2.5%
- 25 Malta 2.4%
- 26 Albania 2.3%
- 27 Czechia 2.3%
- 28 Germany 2.3%
- 29 Portugal 2.2%
- 30 Ireland 2.1%
- 31 Denmark 1.8%
- 32 Finland 1.8%
- 33 Italy 1.6%
- 34 France 0.9%
- 35 Cyprus 0.8%
- 36 Switzerland 0.1%
- European Union 2.5%
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Grey: no value for 2025. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.