Mongolia

Population estimates and projections 3,431,932 people 2023 · UN Population Division Median age estimates and projections 26.8 years 2023 · UN Population Division Fertility rate estimates and projections 2.69 births per woman 2023 · UN Population Division Population growth estimates and projections 1.30% 2023 · UN Population Division Population 3,568,978 people 2025 · World Bank Population growth 1.25% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 65 and over 5.4% 2025 · World Bank Population aged 0 to 14 31.6% 2025 · World Bank Fertility rate 2.50 births per woman 2024 · World Bank Crude birth rate 16.9 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Crude death rate 5.5 per 1,000 people 2024 · World Bank Urban population share 71.1% 2025 · World Bank Adolescent birth rate 19.0 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 · World Bank Age dependency ratio 58.7 per 100 working-age people 2025 · World Bank Population density 2.3 people per km² 2024 · World Bank Urban population growth 1.51% 2025 · World Bank

Net migration estimates and projections 0.0 per 1,000 people 2023 · UN Population Division Net migration 79 people 2025 · World Bank International migrant stock 0.6% 2024 · World Bank Personal remittances received 2.2% 2025 · World Bank

ILO estimate of the unemployment rate 5.2% 2025 · ILOSTAT ILO estimate of youth unemployment 11.7% 2025 · ILOSTAT Labour force participation 59.7% 2025 · ILOSTAT Women's labour force participation 51.5% 2025 · ILOSTAT Employment-to-population ratio 56.6% 2025 · ILOSTAT Employment in agriculture 27.0% 2025 · World Bank Employment in industry 23.1% 2025 · World Bank Employment in services 49.9% 2025 · World Bank

GDP in US dollars US$25.4 billion 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita in US dollars US$7,108 per person 2025 · World Bank GDP per capita, PPP Int$17,773 per person 2025 · World Bank GNI per capita, Atlas method US$6,210 per person 2025 · World Bank Real GDP growth 6.8% 2025 · World Bank Services share of GDP 44.3% 2025 · World Bank Investment share of GDP 31.4% 2025 · World Bank Savings share of GDP 23.9% 2025 · World Bank Household consumption per person US$3,561 per person 2025 · World Bank

Consumer price inflation 8.6% 2025 · World Bank Consumer price index 319.5 (2010 = 100) 2025 · World Bank Inflation measured by the GDP deflator 4.4% 2025 · World Bank Exchange rate to the US dollar 3,545.144 per US$ 2025 · World Bank

Slum population 17.9% 2022 · World Bank

ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate 14.8% 2025 · ILOSTAT Primary completion (UIS) 97.5% 2020 · UNESCO UIS Lower secondary completion 99.1% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Upper secondary completion 93.9% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school children 8.6% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school adolescents 6.4% 2023 · UNESCO UIS Out-of-school youth 4.7% 2023 · UNESCO UIS Primary net enrolment 91.4% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Youth literacy 99.3% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Qualified primary teachers 86.1% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Education share of public spending 13.8% 2024 · UNESCO UIS Education spending 5.2% 2024 · World Bank Primary school enrolment (gross) 92.3% 2024 · World Bank Tertiary education enrolment (gross) 69.0% 2024 · World Bank Adult literacy rate 98.6% 2024 · World Bank Primary school completion rate 93.5% 2024 · World Bank Secondary school enrolment (gross) 96.8% 2023 · World Bank

Life expectancy estimates and projections 71.7 years 2023 · UN Population Division Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections 15.2 years 2023 · UN Population Division Healthy life expectancy 64.1 years 2023 · WHO UHC service coverage 70 2023 · WHO Alcohol consumption 6.01 litres 2024 · WHO Adult obesity 25.1% 2024 · WHO Hypertension 42.8% 2019 · WHO Suicide rate 16.0 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Premature NCD mortality 22.9% 2023 · WHO Physical inactivity 26.3% 2022 · WHO DTP3 immunisation 96% 2025 · WHO Anaemia in women 19.1% 2023 · WHO Poisoning deaths 2.6 per 100,000 people 2023 · WHO Nurses and midwives 47.0 per 10,000 people 2024 · WHO Dentists 6.31 per 10,000 people 2024 · WHO Life expectancy at birth 72.4 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, women 77.1 years 2024 · World Bank Life expectancy at birth, men 67.9 years 2024 · World Bank Health spending share of GDP 6.1% 2023 · World Bank Under-five mortality rate 13.4 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Infant mortality rate 11.2 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Maternal mortality ratio 41 per 100,000 live births 2023 · World Bank Physicians 4.13 per 1,000 people 2022 · World Bank Hospital beds 8.6 per 1,000 people 2023 · World Bank Measles immunisation 96% 2024 · World Bank Tobacco use 29.5% 2024 · World Bank Out-of-pocket health spending 48.8% 2023 · World Bank Health spending per person US$360 per person 2023 · World Bank Diabetes prevalence 10.3% 2024 · World Bank Neonatal mortality rate 7.2 per 1,000 live births 2024 · World Bank Child stunting 8.8% 2023 · World Bank Tuberculosis incidence 446 per 100,000 people 2024 · World Bank HIV incidence 0.10 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2024 · World Bank

Internet users 85.1% 2024 · World Bank Mobile subscriptions 141 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank Fixed broadband subscriptions 15.8 per 100 people 2024 · World Bank

Industry share of GDP 37.2% 2025 · World Bank New businesses registered 18,238 companies 2024 · World Bank Medium and high-tech manufacturing 5.9% 2024 · World Bank Manufacturing share of GDP 5.9% 2025 · World Bank

Exports share of GDP 68.1% 2025 · World Bank Imports share of GDP 62.6% 2025 · World Bank Trade as a share of GDP 130.7% 2025 · World Bank Foreign direct investment inflows 10.8% 2025 · World Bank Current account balance -8.4% 2025 · World Bank High-technology exports 22.5% 2023 · World Bank

Road traffic deaths 21.0 per 100,000 people 2019 · World Bank Air passengers carried 773,702 passengers 2023 · World Bank

Access to electricity 99.1% 2024 · World Bank Clean cooking access 59.0% 2024 · World Bank Renewable energy share 3.0% 2021 · World Bank Fossil electricity share 90.4% 2024 · World Bank Net energy imports -498.3% 2024 · World Bank

Temperature change 2.37e (Estimate) °C 2025 · FAOSTAT Agrifood emissions per person 17.10e (Estimate) t CO2e per person 2024 · FAOSTAT Total greenhouse gas emissions 104.4 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Greenhouse gas emissions per person 29.6 t CO2e per person 2024 · World Bank CO2 emissions per person 7.85 t CO2 per person 2024 · World Bank Methane emissions 64.5 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank Nitrous oxide emissions 12.20 Mt CO2e 2024 · World Bank

PM2.5 air pollution 33.1 µg/m³ 2023 · WHO Forest area 9.1% 2024 · World Bank Protected areas 19.8% 2025 · World Bank PM2.5 air pollution exposure 42.7 µg/m³ 2023 · World Bank Terrestrial protected areas 19.8% 2025 · World Bank

Basic drinking water access 86.1% 2024 · World Bank Safely managed drinking water 43.4% 2024 · World Bank Basic sanitation access 74.3% 2024 · World Bank Level of water stress 3.4% 2022 · World Bank Renewable internal freshwater per person 10,135 m³ per person 2022 · World Bank Safely managed sanitation 69.9% 2024 · World Bank

Cost of a healthy diet Int$7.28e (Estimate) per person per day 2025 · FAOSTAT Healthy diet unaffordable 29.8%e (Estimate) 2025 · FAOSTAT Pesticide use 4.53e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Nitrogen fertiliser use 45.0e (Estimate) kg/ha 2024 · FAOSTAT Agriculture share of GDP 8.9% 2025 · World Bank Cereal yield 1,251 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Agricultural land 68.8% 2024 · World Bank Capture fisheries production 31 tonnes 2024 · World Bank Prevalence of undernourishment 2.5% 2024 · World Bank Food production index 120.1 (2014-16 = 100) 2024 · World Bank Fertiliser use 45.7 kg per hectare 2024 · World Bank Land area 1,558,501 km² 2024 · World Bank

Gini index 31.4 (0 to 100) 2022 · World Bank Income share held by the richest 10% 24.6% 2022 · World Bank Extreme poverty rate 0.4% 2022 · World Bank Poverty rate at national poverty lines 27.1% 2022 · World Bank Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP) 2.3% 2022 · World Bank Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) 24.4% 2022 · World Bank

Tax revenue 16.9% 2024 · World Bank Central government expense 31.7% 2021 · World Bank

R&D spending share of GDP 0.08% 2022 · World Bank Researchers per million people 535 per million people 2022 · World Bank Scientific and technical journal articles 277 articles 2023 · World Bank

Intentional homicides 5.9 per 100,000 people 2023 · World Bank

Women in national parliament 25.4% 2025 · World Bank