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Net migration rate, estimates and projections to 2100

Immigrants minus emigrants during the year per 1,000 people. UN estimates up to 2023 and medium-variant projections from 2024, which assume migration patterns change slowly.

Unit: Per 1,000 people Frequency: Annual Coverage: 216 countries 1950 to 2023 Source: UN Population Division
Highest in 2023 39.6 per 1,000 people South Sudan Lowest in 2023 -61.7 per 1,000 people Saint Martin (French part)
Countries ranked for 2023 216

216 countries have a value for 2023, the latest period in the data.

Trend over time

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Places
4 selected
Countries
United States × China × India × Germany ×

Per 1,000 people. Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years. Dashed lines are projections.

Net migration rate, estimates and projections to 2100 (per 1,000 people), 1994 to 2100 – the last ten estimates and projections every five years; the CSV has every year
Period United StatesChinaIndiaGermany
2100 2.9 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.0 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2095 3.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2090 3.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 1.9 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2085 3.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.0 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2080 3.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2075 3.4 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2070 3.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2065 3.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2060 3.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2055 3.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.0 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2050 3.4 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2045 3.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2040 3.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2035 3.4 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.0 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2030 3.4 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.1 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) 2.0 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2025 3.5 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.2 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -0.3 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant)) -4.0 per 1,000 peoplef (Projection (medium variant))
2023 3.9 per 1,000 people -0.4 per 1,000 people -0.7 per 1,000 people 7.2 per 1,000 people
2022 3.9 per 1,000 people -0.2 per 1,000 people -1.0 per 1,000 people 11.7 per 1,000 people
2021 2.0 per 1,000 people -0.3 per 1,000 people -0.2 per 1,000 people 3.7 per 1,000 people
2020 1.0 per 1,000 people -0.1 per 1,000 people -0.1 per 1,000 people 2.4 per 1,000 people
2019 5.3 per 1,000 people -0.5 per 1,000 people -0.7 per 1,000 people 3.8 per 1,000 people
2018 5.3 per 1,000 people -0.1 per 1,000 people -0.4 per 1,000 people 4.8 per 1,000 people
2017 5.6 per 1,000 people -0.1 per 1,000 people -0.2 per 1,000 people 5.5 per 1,000 people
2016 5.7 per 1,000 people -0.1 per 1,000 people 0.1 per 1,000 people 6.3 per 1,000 people
2015 5.3 per 1,000 people -0.5 per 1,000 people -0.5 per 1,000 people 14.3 per 1,000 people
2014 5.2 per 1,000 people -0.3 per 1,000 people -0.2 per 1,000 people 7.3 per 1,000 people

Flags: f Projection (medium variant) . A dash means no value was published.

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In short

  • Among the 216 countries with a value for 2023, the highest is South Sudan (39.6 per 1,000 people) and the lowest Saint Martin (French part) (-61.7 per 1,000 people).
  • Half of the countries are above -0.1 per 1,000 people and half below.
  • From 2022 to 2023 the value rose in 86 countries and fell in 119.

About this measure

Definition
Immigrants minus emigrants during the year per 1,000 people. UN estimates up to 2023 and medium-variant projections from 2024, which assume migration patterns change slowly.
Unit
Per 1,000 people
Frequency
Annual
Changes are shown as
Differences in the same unit (per 1,000 people)

Source and dates

Original producer
UN Population Division
Source
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division
Dataset or series code
WPP2024 · dataset details · view at source
Observation period
1950 to 2023
Provider update
Not stated by the provider
Retrieved
9 November 2026
Published here
9 November 2026
Licence
CC BY 3.0 IGO
Attribution
Source: United Nations, DESA, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024

All countries in 2023 Every value is for 2023, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.

  1. 1 South Sudan 39.6 per 1,000 people
  2. 2 Syria 32.1 per 1,000 people
  3. 3 Oman 31.0 per 1,000 people
  4. 4 United Arab Emirates 28.2 per 1,000 people
  5. 5 Chad 25.7 per 1,000 people
  6. 6 Armenia 25.5 per 1,000 people
  7. 7 Montenegro 18.9 per 1,000 people
  8. 8 Gibraltar 17.9 per 1,000 people
  9. 9 Lithuania 15.7 per 1,000 people
  10. 10 British Virgin Islands 15.1 per 1,000 people
  11. 11 Seychelles 14.1 per 1,000 people
  12. 12 Qatar 13.4 per 1,000 people
  13. 13 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 13.3 per 1,000 people
  14. 14 Andorra 13.1 per 1,000 people
  15. 15 Bahrain 12.7 per 1,000 people
  16. 16 Cayman Islands 12.6 per 1,000 people
  17. 17 Malta 12.4 per 1,000 people
  18. 18 Macao SAR, China 12.3 per 1,000 people
  19. 19 Iceland 11.9 per 1,000 people
  20. 20 Canada 11.0 per 1,000 people
  21. 21 Faroe Islands 10.9 per 1,000 people
  22. 22 Kuwait 10.3 per 1,000 people
  23. 23 Saudi Arabia 9.8 per 1,000 people
  24. 24 Norway 9.7 per 1,000 people
  25. 25 Luxembourg 8.9 per 1,000 people
  26. 26 Ireland 8.4 per 1,000 people
  27. 27 Netherlands 8.0 per 1,000 people
  28. 28 Germany 7.2 per 1,000 people
  29. 29 Finland 6.8 per 1,000 people
  30. 30 United Kingdom 6.5 per 1,000 people
  31. 31 Cyprus 6.5 per 1,000 people
  32. 32 Puerto Rico (US) 6.1 per 1,000 people
  33. 33 Liechtenstein 5.4 per 1,000 people
  34. 34 Australia 5.3 per 1,000 people
  35. 35 Sweden 5.2 per 1,000 people
  36. 36 Denmark 5.2 per 1,000 people
  37. 37 Malaysia 5.2 per 1,000 people
  38. 38 Switzerland 5.1 per 1,000 people
  39. 39 Hungary 5.1 per 1,000 people
  40. 40 Singapore 4.7 per 1,000 people
  41. 41 Latvia 4.2 per 1,000 people
  42. 42 Estonia 4.2 per 1,000 people
  43. 43 Turks and Caicos Islands 4.2 per 1,000 people
  44. 44 New Zealand 4.1 per 1,000 people
  45. 45 Namibia 3.9 per 1,000 people
  46. 46 United States 3.9 per 1,000 people
  47. 47 South Africa 3.6 per 1,000 people
  48. 48 Belgium 3.6 per 1,000 people
  49. 49 Chile 3.2 per 1,000 people
  50. 50 Colombia 3.0 per 1,000 people
  51. 51 Iran 2.9 per 1,000 people
  52. 52 Curaçao 2.8 per 1,000 people
  53. 53 Portugal 2.8 per 1,000 people
  54. 54 Egypt 2.7 per 1,000 people
  55. 55 Croatia 2.6 per 1,000 people
  56. 56 Italy 2.5 per 1,000 people
  57. 57 Slovenia 2.5 per 1,000 people
  58. 58 Somalia, Fed. Rep. 2.5 per 1,000 people
  59. 59 Bahamas 2.5 per 1,000 people
  60. 60 Spain 2.5 per 1,000 people
  61. 61 Isle of Man 2.3 per 1,000 people
  62. 62 Monaco 2.3 per 1,000 people
  63. 63 Equatorial Guinea 2.2 per 1,000 people
  64. 64 Solomon Islands 2.0 per 1,000 people
  65. 65 Turkmenistan 2.0 per 1,000 people
  66. 66 South Korea 1.7 per 1,000 people
  67. 67 New Caledonia 1.7 per 1,000 people
  68. 68 Panama 1.6 per 1,000 people
  69. 69 Belize 1.4 per 1,000 people
  70. 70 Trinidad and Tobago 1.4 per 1,000 people
  71. 71 Japan 1.4 per 1,000 people
  72. 72 France 1.4 per 1,000 people
  73. 73 Aruba 1.4 per 1,000 people
  74. 74 Israel 1.1 per 1,000 people
  75. 75 Slovakia 0.9 per 1,000 people
  76. 76 Kyrgyzstan 0.8 per 1,000 people
  77. 77 Bulgaria 0.8 per 1,000 people
  78. 78 Peru 0.7 per 1,000 people
  79. 79 Serbia 0.6 per 1,000 people
  80. 80 Mauritania 0.6 per 1,000 people
  81. 81 Austria 0.5 per 1,000 people
  82. 82 Georgia 0.5 per 1,000 people
  83. 83 Zambia 0.5 per 1,000 people
  84. 84 Djibouti 0.4 per 1,000 people
  85. 85 Gabon 0.4 per 1,000 people
  86. 86 Bhutan 0.4 per 1,000 people
  87. 87 Thailand 0.3 per 1,000 people
  88. 88 Costa Rica 0.2 per 1,000 people
  89. 89 Côte d'Ivoire 0.2 per 1,000 people
  90. 90 Russia 0.2 per 1,000 people
  91. 91 Burundi 0.1 per 1,000 people
  92. 92 Argentina 0.1 per 1,000 people
  93. 93 Niger 0.0 per 1,000 people
  94. 94 Antigua and Barbuda 0.0 per 1,000 people
  95. 95 Bermuda 0.0 per 1,000 people
  96. 96 Brunei 0.0 per 1,000 people
  97. 97 Mongolia 0.0 per 1,000 people
  98. 98 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.0 per 1,000 people
  99. 99 Saint Lucia 0.0 per 1,000 people
  100. 100 Vanuatu 0.0 per 1,000 people
  101. 101 Benin 0.0 per 1,000 people
  102. 102 Angola 0.0 per 1,000 people
  103. 103 Madagascar 0.0 per 1,000 people
  104. 104 North Korea -0.1 per 1,000 people
  105. 105 Papua New Guinea -0.1 per 1,000 people
  106. 106 Ethiopia -0.1 per 1,000 people
  107. 107 Iraq -0.1 per 1,000 people
  108. 108 Indonesia -0.1 per 1,000 people
  109. 109 Yemen -0.1 per 1,000 people
  110. 110 Democratic Republic of the Congo -0.1 per 1,000 people
  111. 111 Bosnia and Herzegovina -0.2 per 1,000 people
  112. 112 Republic of the Congo -0.2 per 1,000 people
  113. 113 Uzbekistan -0.2 per 1,000 people
  114. 114 Cameroon -0.2 per 1,000 people
  115. 115 Kenya -0.2 per 1,000 people
  116. 116 Poland -0.2 per 1,000 people
  117. 117 Togo -0.2 per 1,000 people
  118. 118 Kazakhstan -0.2 per 1,000 people
  119. 119 Bolivia -0.2 per 1,000 people
  120. 120 Nigeria -0.3 per 1,000 people
  121. 121 Libya -0.3 per 1,000 people
  122. 122 Malawi -0.3 per 1,000 people
  123. 123 Guinea -0.3 per 1,000 people
  124. 124 Barbados -0.3 per 1,000 people
  125. 125 Ghana -0.3 per 1,000 people
  126. 126 Belarus -0.3 per 1,000 people
  127. 127 China -0.4 per 1,000 people
  128. 128 Uruguay -0.4 per 1,000 people
  129. 129 Hong Kong SAR, China -0.5 per 1,000 people
  130. 130 Sierra Leone -0.5 per 1,000 people
  131. 131 Honduras -0.5 per 1,000 people
  132. 132 Guatemala -0.5 per 1,000 people
  133. 133 Senegal -0.6 per 1,000 people
  134. 134 Algeria -0.6 per 1,000 people
  135. 135 Tanzania -0.6 per 1,000 people
  136. 136 Rwanda -0.6 per 1,000 people
  137. 137 Myanmar -0.6 per 1,000 people
  138. 138 Guinea-Bissau -0.7 per 1,000 people
  139. 139 India -0.7 per 1,000 people
  140. 140 Mexico -0.8 per 1,000 people
  141. 141 Viet Nam -0.8 per 1,000 people
  142. 142 Liberia -0.9 per 1,000 people
  143. 143 Morocco -1.1 per 1,000 people
  144. 144 Palau -1.1 per 1,000 people
  145. 145 Mozambique -1.1 per 1,000 people
  146. 146 Burkina Faso -1.1 per 1,000 people
  147. 147 Gambia -1.1 per 1,000 people
  148. 148 Brazil -1.1 per 1,000 people
  149. 149 Tunisia -1.1 per 1,000 people
  150. 150 Nicaragua -1.2 per 1,000 people
  151. 151 Afghanistan -1.2 per 1,000 people
  152. 152 Sri Lanka -1.2 per 1,000 people
  153. 153 Ecuador -1.2 per 1,000 people
  154. 154 Laos -1.3 per 1,000 people
  155. 155 Czechia -1.4 per 1,000 people
  156. 156 Philippines -1.4 per 1,000 people
  157. 157 Romania -1.5 per 1,000 people
  158. 158 Jordan -1.5 per 1,000 people
  159. 159 Suriname -1.6 per 1,000 people
  160. 160 Grenada -1.6 per 1,000 people
  161. 161 Mali -1.7 per 1,000 people
  162. 162 Paraguay -1.8 per 1,000 people
  163. 163 Cambodia -1.8 per 1,000 people
  164. 164 Tajikistan -1.9 per 1,000 people
  165. 165 Cuba -2.1 per 1,000 people
  166. 166 Mauritius -2.2 per 1,000 people
  167. 167 Lesotho -2.2 per 1,000 people
  168. 168 Cabo Verde -2.3 per 1,000 people
  169. 169 Comoros -2.4 per 1,000 people
  170. 170 São Tomé and Príncipe -2.6 per 1,000 people
  171. 171 Uganda -2.6 per 1,000 people
  172. 172 Botswana -2.6 per 1,000 people
  173. 173 Haiti -2.7 per 1,000 people
  174. 174 Central African Republic -2.8 per 1,000 people
  175. 175 Dominica -3.0 per 1,000 people
  176. 176 Guam -3.0 per 1,000 people
  177. 177 North Macedonia -3.1 per 1,000 people
  178. 178 Dominican Republic -3.1 per 1,000 people
  179. 179 Bangladesh -3.2 per 1,000 people
  180. 180 Jamaica -3.5 per 1,000 people
  181. 181 Fiji -3.6 per 1,000 people
  182. 182 Türkiye -3.6 per 1,000 people
  183. 183 Kiribati -3.7 per 1,000 people
  184. 184 El Salvador -3.7 per 1,000 people
  185. 185 Venezuela -4.0 per 1,000 people
  186. 186 Timor-Leste -4.1 per 1,000 people
  187. 187 Eritrea -4.4 per 1,000 people
  188. 188 West Bank and Gaza -4.6 per 1,000 people
  189. 189 French Polynesia -4.8 per 1,000 people
  190. 190 US Virgin Islands -5.2 per 1,000 people
  191. 191 Maldives -5.5 per 1,000 people
  192. 192 San Marino -5.6 per 1,000 people
  193. 193 Greenland -5.7 per 1,000 people
  194. 194 Lebanon -5.9 per 1,000 people
  195. 195 Zimbabwe -6.0 per 1,000 people
  196. 196 Moldova -6.1 per 1,000 people
  197. 197 Pakistan -6.5 per 1,000 people
  198. 198 Eswatini -6.9 per 1,000 people
  199. 199 Guyana -7.5 per 1,000 people
  200. 200 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -7.7 per 1,000 people
  201. 201 Ukraine -8.0 per 1,000 people
  202. 202 Azerbaijan -8.2 per 1,000 people
  203. 203 Albania -9.0 per 1,000 people
  204. 204 Micronesia -10.1 per 1,000 people
  205. 205 Naoero -12.5 per 1,000 people
  206. 206 Samoa -13.0 per 1,000 people
  207. 207 Nepal -13.8 per 1,000 people
  208. 208 Greece -15.6 per 1,000 people
  209. 209 Kosovo -16.9 per 1,000 people
  210. 210 Tonga -20.8 per 1,000 people
  211. 211 American Samoa -24.4 per 1,000 people
  212. 212 Sudan -27.0 per 1,000 people
  213. 213 Northern Mariana Islands -29.3 per 1,000 people
  214. 214 Tuvalu -32.9 per 1,000 people
  215. 215 Marshall Islands -47.2 per 1,000 people
  216. 216 Saint Martin (French part) -61.7 per 1,000 people
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Grey: no value for 2023. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.