Unemployment rate, ages 15 to 74
Unemployed people aged 15 to 74 as a share of the labour force of the same age. The labour force is everyone who is employed or unemployed. People without a job who are not looking for one, or cannot start work, are outside it.
34 countries have a value for 2025, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
% of the labour force. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | European Union | France | Spain |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 6.0% | 7.7%d (definition differs (see metadata)) | 10.5%d (definition differs (see metadata)) |
| 2024 | 6.0% | 7.4%d (definition differs (see metadata)) | 11.4%d (definition differs (see metadata)) |
| 2023 | 6.1% | 7.4%d (definition differs (see metadata)) | 12.2%d (definition differs (see metadata)) |
| 2022 | 6.2% | 7.3%d (definition differs (see metadata)) | 13.0%d (definition differs (see metadata)) |
| 2021 | 7.1% | 7.9%d (definition differs (see metadata)) | 14.9%d (definition differs (see metadata)) |
| 2020 | 7.2% | 8.1% | 15.5% |
| 2019 | 6.8% | 8.5% | 14.1% |
| 2018 | 7.4% | 9.1% | 15.3% |
| 2017 | 8.3% | 9.4% | 17.2% |
| 2016 | 9.3% | 10.1% | 19.6% |
| 2015 | 10.2% | 10.4% | 22.1% |
| 2014 | 11.0% | 10.3% | 24.5% |
| 2013 | 11.6% | 10.3% | 26.1% |
| 2012 | 11.1% | 9.8% | 24.8% |
| 2011 | 10.1% | 9.2% | 21.4% |
| 2010 | 10.1% | 9.3% | 19.9% |
| 2009 | 9.3% | 9.1% | 17.9% |
| 2008 | – | 7.4% | – |
| 2007 | – | 8.0% | – |
| 2006 | – | 8.9% | – |
| 2005 | – | 8.9% | – |
| 2004 | – | 8.9% | – |
| 2003 | – | 8.5% | – |
Flags: d definition differs (see metadata) . A dash means no value was published.
In short
- Among the 34 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Bosnia and Herzegovina (12.2%) and the lowest Czechia (2.8%).
- Half of the countries are above 6.1% and half below.
- From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 19 countries and fell in 14.
- The figure for the European Union was 6.0% in 2025, against 7.2% in 2020 (−1.2 percentage points).
About this measure
Before comparing
- The denominator is the labour force, not the whole population.
Source and dates
All countries in 2025 Every value is for 2025, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 12.2%
- 2 North Macedonia 11.5%
- 3 Spain 10.5%d (definition differs (see metadata))
- 4 Finland 9.7%
- 5 Greece 8.9%
- 6 Sweden 8.8%
- 7 Serbia 8.7%
- 8 Türkiye 8.4%
- 9 France 7.7%d (definition differs (see metadata))
- 10 Estonia 7.5%
- 11 Latvia 6.9%
- 12 Lithuania 6.9%
- 13 Luxembourg 6.5%
- 14 Denmark 6.4%
- 15 Belgium 6.2%
- 16 Italy 6.1%
- 17 Romania 6.1%
- 18 Portugal 6.0%
- 19 Austria 5.7%
- 20 Slovakia 5.4%
- 21 Croatia 4.9%
- 22 Switzerland 4.9%
- 23 Ireland 4.7%
- 24 Iceland 4.5%
- 25 Norway 4.5%
- 26 Cyprus 4.4%
- 27 Hungary 4.4%
- 28 Netherlands 3.9%
- 29 Slovenia 3.9%
- 30 Germany 3.8%
- 31 Bulgaria 3.5%
- 32 Malta 3.1%
- 33 Poland 3.1%
- 34 Czechia 2.8%
- European Union 6.0%
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Map
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Grey: no value for 2025. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.