Compare places
Choose one measure and up to 12 places. Every place then uses the same published series, unit and source, although national definitions can still differ where the source says so. 2025 is the most recent period with a value for every selected place.
Comparison period
Values for 2025
Spain, 2025
5.24 times
+0.2% since 2004
Portugal, 2025
4.86 times
−30.2% since 2004
European Union, 2025
4.62 times
aggregate · −5.5% since 2010
Trend
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The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Ratio. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | Portugal | Spain | European Union |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 4.86 times | 5.24 times | 4.62 times |
| 2024 | 5.20 times | 5.39 times | 4.66 times |
| 2023 | 5.60 times | 5.50 times | 4.72 times |
| 2022 | 5.13 times | 5.63 times | 4.74 times |
| 2021 | 5.66 times | 6.19 times | 4.98 times |
| 2020 | 4.99 times | 5.77 times | 4.89 times |
| 2019 | 5.16 times | 5.94 times | 4.99 times |
| 2018 | 5.22 times | 6.03 times | 5.05 timese (estimated) |
| 2017 | 5.75 times | 6.59 times | 5.03 timese (estimated) |
| 2016 | 5.88 times | 6.60 times | 5.16 timese (estimated) |
| 2015 | 6.01 times | 6.87 times | 5.22 timese (estimated) |
| 2014 | 6.23 times | 6.81 times | 5.22 timese (estimated) |
| 2013 | 6.01 times | 6.29 times | 5.05 times |
| 2012 | 5.82 times | 6.47 times | 4.98 times |
| 2011 | 5.68 times | 6.28 times | 4.99 times |
| 2010 | 5.56 times | 6.16 times | 4.89 times |
| 2009 | 6.01 times | 5.87 times | – |
| 2008 | 6.11 times | 5.59 timesb (break in time series) | – |
| 2007 | 6.47 times | 5.48 times | – |
| 2006 | 6.73 times | 5.52 times | – |
| 2005 | 6.96 times | 5.55 times | – |
| 2004 | 6.96 timesb (break in time series) | 5.23 timesb (break in time series) | – |
Flags: b break in time series; e estimated . A dash means no value was published.