PM2.5 air pollution by country, 2023
Annual mean concentration of fine particles of 2.5 micrometres or less in the air, weighted by where people live (SDG indicator 11.6.2). The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³. WHO modelled estimate from satellite data, models and ground monitors.
212 places ranked for 2023. Highest: Qatar (58.1 µg/m³). Lowest: Finland (4.1 µg/m³). The median is 14.4 µg/m³.
Highest 10
Lowest 10
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The chart shows the 40 highest values; the table lists all 212. Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory.
In short
- Among the 212 countries with a value for 2023, the highest is Qatar (58.1 µg/m³) and the lowest Finland (4.1 µg/m³).
- Half of the countries are above 14.4 µg/m³ and half below.
- From 2022 to 2023 the value rose in 80 countries and fell in 132.
Full ranking
| # | Country | Value | Period | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 58.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 2 | Nigeria | 54.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 3 | Egypt | 53.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 4 | Cameroon | 53.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 5 | Niger | 50.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 6 | Afghanistan | 49.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 7 | Kuwait | 48.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 8 | Chad | 48.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 9 | Nepal | 46.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 10 | Bahrain | 46.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 11 | Saudi Arabia | 43.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 12 | Bangladesh | 43.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 13 | Pakistan | 42.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 14 | Senegal | 42.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 15 | India | 42.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 16 | Ghana | 41.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 17 | Mauritania | 40.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 18 | Iraq | 39.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 19 | Gambia | 39.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 20 | Burkina Faso | 36.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 21 | Sierra Leone | 35.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 22 | Yemen | 34.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 23 | United Arab Emirates | 34.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 24 | Guinea-Bissau | 33.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 25 | Dominican Republic | 33.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 26 | Mali | 33.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 27 | Mongolia | 33.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 28 | Guinea | 32.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 29 | Togo | 32.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 30 | Iran | 32.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 31 | China | 31.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 32 | Tajikistan | 31.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 33 | Côte d'Ivoire | 31.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 34 | Armenia | 30.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 35 | Oman | 30.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 36 | Uganda | 29.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 37 | Liberia | 29.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 38 | Rwanda | 29.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 39 | Myanmar | 28.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 40 | Benin | 28.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 41 | Sudan | 28.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 42 | Cabo Verde | 28.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 43 | Syria | 27.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 44 | Djibouti | 27.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 45 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 27.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 46 | Equatorial Guinea | 27.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 47 | Lebanon | 26.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 48 | Laos | 26.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 49 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 26.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 50 | Haiti | 25.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 51 | Republic of the Congo | 25.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 52 | Central African Republic | 25.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 53 | Thailand | 25.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 54 | El Salvador | 24.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 55 | North Korea | 24.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 56 | Uzbekistan | 24.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 57 | Bhutan | 24.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 58 | Libya | 24.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 59 | Guatemala | 24.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 60 | Eritrea | 23.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 61 | Burundi | 23.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 62 | Azerbaijan | 23.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 63 | Jordan | 23.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 64 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 65 | Viet Nam | 22.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 66 | Honduras | 22.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 67 | North Macedonia | 22.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 68 | Gabon | 22.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 69 | South Sudan | 21.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 70 | Ethiopia | 21.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 71 | Tunisia | 21.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 72 | Chile | 21.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 73 | Sri Lanka | 21.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 74 | Angola | 21.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 75 | Cambodia | 20.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 76 | Türkiye | 20.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 77 | Kyrgyzstan | 20.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 78 | Brazil | 20.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 79 | West Bank and Gaza | 20.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 80 | South Korea | 19.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 81 | Algeria | 18.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 82 | South Africa | 18.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 83 | Nicaragua | 18.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 84 | Serbia | 18.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 85 | Malaysia | 17.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 86 | Lesotho | 17.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 87 | Indonesia | 17.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 88 | Kenya | 17.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 89 | Venezuela | 17.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 90 | Georgia | 17.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 91 | Israel | 16.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 92 | Philippines | 16.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 93 | Kazakhstan | 16.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 94 | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 16.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 95 | Paraguay | 16.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 96 | Peru | 16.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 97 | Mexico | 16.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 98 | Turkmenistan | 16.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 99 | Costa Rica | 15.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 100 | Bolivia | 15.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 101 | Zambia | 14.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 102 | Poland | 14.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 103 | Eswatini | 14.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 104 | Malawi | 14.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 105 | Colombia | 14.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 106 | Montenegro | 14.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 107 | Greece | 14.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 108 | Tanzania | 14.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 109 | Botswana | 14.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 110 | Cyprus | 14.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 111 | Morocco | 14.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 112 | Curaçao | 14.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 113 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 13.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 114 | Aruba | 13.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 115 | Zimbabwe | 13.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 116 | Italy | 13.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 117 | Croatia | 13.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 118 | Albania | 13.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 119 | Namibia | 12.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 120 | Bulgaria | 12.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 121 | Argentina | 12.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 122 | Slovakia | 12.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 123 | Cuba | 12.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 124 | Slovenia | 12.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 125 | Mozambique | 11.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 126 | Timor-Leste | 11.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 127 | Panama | 11.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 128 | Singapore | 11.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 129 | Uruguay | 11.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 130 | Comoros | 11.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 131 | Belize | 11.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 132 | Hungary | 11.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 133 | Malta | 11.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 134 | Jamaica | 11.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 135 | Czechia | 11.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 136 | Madagascar | 10.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 137 | Romania | 10.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 138 | Puerto Rico (US) | 10.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 139 | Maldives | 10.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 140 | Guyana | 10.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 141 | Cayman Islands | 10.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 142 | United States | 9.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 143 | Barbados | 9.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 144 | Latvia | 9.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 145 | Trinidad and Tobago | 9.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 146 | Seychelles | 9.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 147 | Belgium | 9.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 148 | Austria | 9.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 149 | Suriname | 9.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 150 | Belarus | 9.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 151 | Ukraine | 9.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 152 | Netherlands | 9.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 153 | Grenada | 8.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 154 | Moldova | 8.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 155 | Canada | 8.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 156 | France | 8.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 157 | Saint Lucia | 8.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 158 | Monaco | 8.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 159 | Germany | 8.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 160 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 8.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 161 | Andorra | 8.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 162 | San Marino | 8.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 163 | Antigua and Barbuda | 8.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 164 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 8.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 165 | Japan | 8.5 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 166 | Gibraltar | 8.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 167 | US Virgin Islands | 8.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 168 | Lithuania | 8.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 169 | Ecuador | 8.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 170 | Switzerland | 8.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 171 | Bahamas | 8.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 172 | Mauritius | 8.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 173 | Spain | 8.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 174 | United Kingdom | 7.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 175 | British Virgin Islands | 7.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 176 | Denmark | 7.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 177 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 7.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 178 | Dominica | 7.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 179 | Russia | 7.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 180 | Guam | 7.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 181 | Bermuda | 7.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 182 | Northern Mariana Islands | 7.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 183 | Luxembourg | 7.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 184 | Liechtenstein | 7.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 185 | Ireland | 6.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 186 | Marshall Islands | 6.4 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 187 | American Samoa | 6.3 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 188 | Fiji | 6.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 189 | Australia | 6.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 190 | Papua New Guinea | 6.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 191 | Portugal | 6.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 192 | Tonga | 6.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 193 | Vanuatu | 6.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 194 | Isle of Man | 6.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 195 | Palau | 6.0 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 196 | Samoa | 5.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 197 | Micronesia | 5.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 198 | New Zealand | 5.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 199 | Solomon Islands | 5.9 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 200 | Faroe Islands | 5.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 201 | French Polynesia | 5.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 202 | New Caledonia | 5.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 203 | Kiribati | 5.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 204 | Tuvalu | 5.7 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 205 | Iceland | 5.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 206 | Estonia | 5.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 207 | Naoero | 5.2 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 208 | Norway | 5.1 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 209 | Brunei | 4.8 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 210 | Greenland | 4.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 211 | Sweden | 4.6 µg/m³ | 2023 | |
| 212 | Finland | 4.1 µg/m³ | 2023 |
Places are ordered from the highest to the lowest value. Group medians on this site are the middle value of the members with data for the same year; they are not official aggregates.
How this ranking works
Every country is ranked on its value for 2023, the latest period that most countries have, so all values are for the same point in time. Countries without a value for 2023 are left out. Groups and aggregates such as the European Union are not ranked. Values are as published by WHO; the ranking is a plain ordering from the highest to the lowest value and says nothing about whether a high value is good or bad.
Earlier years: use the year selector above. Methodology · Coverage and freshness