Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration
Annual mean concentration of fine particles of 2.5 micrometres or less in the air, weighted by where people live (SDG indicator 11.6.2). The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³. WHO modelled estimate from satellite data, models and ground monitors.
Highest in 2023
58.1 µg/m³
Qatar
Lowest in 2023
4.1 µg/m³
Finland
Countries ranked for 2023
212
Updated by the source on 8 May 2026
212 countries have a value for 2023, the latest period in the data.
Trend over time
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The chart loads when you scroll to it. The table below shows the same data.
The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Micrograms per cubic metre. Source: World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | United States | China | India | Germany |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 9.8 µg/m³ | 31.6 µg/m³ | 42.5 µg/m³ | 8.7 µg/m³ |
| 2022 | 8.0 µg/m³ | 29.3 µg/m³ | 43.0 µg/m³ | 9.7 µg/m³ |
| 2021 | 8.3 µg/m³ | 31.3 µg/m³ | 44.8 µg/m³ | 9.5 µg/m³ |
| 2020 | 7.8 µg/m³ | 32.8 µg/m³ | 42.0 µg/m³ | 9.2 µg/m³ |
| 2019 | 7.5 µg/m³ | 36.3 µg/m³ | 46.7 µg/m³ | 10.1 µg/m³ |
| 2018 | 8.3 µg/m³ | 38.9 µg/m³ | 53.3 µg/m³ | 11.1 µg/m³ |
| 2017 | 8.0 µg/m³ | 44.9 µg/m³ | 54.3 µg/m³ | 11.0 µg/m³ |
| 2016 | 7.7 µg/m³ | 45.3 µg/m³ | 59.4 µg/m³ | 10.9 µg/m³ |
| 2015 | 8.4 µg/m³ | 49.8 µg/m³ | 56.5 µg/m³ | 11.9 µg/m³ |
| 2014 | 8.8 µg/m³ | 54.0 µg/m³ | 56.3 µg/m³ | 12.1 µg/m³ |
| 2013 | 8.8 µg/m³ | 62.9 µg/m³ | 57.5 µg/m³ | 12.6 µg/m³ |
| 2012 | 9.0 µg/m³ | 57.3 µg/m³ | 55.6 µg/m³ | 12.9 µg/m³ |
| 2011 | 9.2 µg/m³ | 60.4 µg/m³ | 54.3 µg/m³ | 14.6 µg/m³ |
| 2010 | 9.3 µg/m³ | 59.7 µg/m³ | 57.5 µg/m³ | 14.4 µg/m³ |
A dash means no value was published for that period.
In short
- Among the 212 countries with a value for 2023, the highest is Qatar (58.1 µg/m³) and the lowest Finland (4.1 µg/m³).
- Half of the countries are above 14.4 µg/m³ and half below.
- From 2022 to 2023 the value rose in 80 countries and fell in 132.
About this measure
Source and dates
All countries in 2023 Every value is for 2023, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.
- 1 Qatar 58.1 µg/m³
- 2 Nigeria 54.3 µg/m³
- 3 Egypt 53.5 µg/m³
- 4 Cameroon 53.0 µg/m³
- 5 Niger 50.7 µg/m³
- 6 Afghanistan 49.3 µg/m³
- 7 Kuwait 48.8 µg/m³
- 8 Chad 48.0 µg/m³
- 9 Nepal 46.6 µg/m³
- 10 Bahrain 46.1 µg/m³
- 11 Saudi Arabia 43.9 µg/m³
- 12 Bangladesh 43.9 µg/m³
- 13 Pakistan 42.9 µg/m³
- 14 Senegal 42.5 µg/m³
- 15 India 42.5 µg/m³
- 16 Ghana 41.5 µg/m³
- 17 Mauritania 40.6 µg/m³
- 18 Iraq 39.8 µg/m³
- 19 Gambia 39.6 µg/m³
- 20 Burkina Faso 36.2 µg/m³
- 21 Sierra Leone 35.3 µg/m³
- 22 Yemen 34.0 µg/m³
- 23 United Arab Emirates 34.0 µg/m³
- 24 Guinea-Bissau 33.8 µg/m³
- 25 Dominican Republic 33.3 µg/m³
- 26 Mali 33.1 µg/m³
- 27 Mongolia 33.1 µg/m³
- 28 Guinea 32.9 µg/m³
- 29 Togo 32.7 µg/m³
- 30 Iran 32.3 µg/m³
- 31 China 31.6 µg/m³
- 32 Tajikistan 31.5 µg/m³
- 33 Côte d'Ivoire 31.0 µg/m³
- 34 Armenia 30.1 µg/m³
- 35 Oman 30.0 µg/m³
- 36 Uganda 29.5 µg/m³
- 37 Liberia 29.5 µg/m³
- 38 Rwanda 29.3 µg/m³
- 39 Myanmar 28.8 µg/m³
- 40 Benin 28.6 µg/m³
- 41 Sudan 28.5 µg/m³
- 42 Cabo Verde 28.3 µg/m³
- 43 Syria 27.8 µg/m³
- 44 Djibouti 27.6 µg/m³
- 45 Democratic Republic of the Congo 27.5 µg/m³
- 46 Equatorial Guinea 27.3 µg/m³
- 47 Lebanon 26.5 µg/m³
- 48 Laos 26.1 µg/m³
- 49 São Tomé and Príncipe 26.1 µg/m³
- 50 Haiti 25.9 µg/m³
- 51 Republic of the Congo 25.8 µg/m³
- 52 Central African Republic 25.0 µg/m³
- 53 Thailand 25.0 µg/m³
- 54 El Salvador 24.9 µg/m³
- 55 North Korea 24.7 µg/m³
- 56 Uzbekistan 24.1 µg/m³
- 57 Bhutan 24.1 µg/m³
- 58 Libya 24.1 µg/m³
- 59 Guatemala 24.1 µg/m³
- 60 Eritrea 23.8 µg/m³
- 61 Burundi 23.6 µg/m³
- 62 Azerbaijan 23.6 µg/m³
- 63 Jordan 23.5 µg/m³
- 64 Bosnia and Herzegovina 23.0 µg/m³
- 65 Viet Nam 22.8 µg/m³
- 66 Honduras 22.5 µg/m³
- 67 North Macedonia 22.2 µg/m³
- 68 Gabon 22.0 µg/m³
- 69 South Sudan 21.8 µg/m³
- 70 Ethiopia 21.8 µg/m³
- 71 Tunisia 21.6 µg/m³
- 72 Chile 21.5 µg/m³
- 73 Sri Lanka 21.2 µg/m³
- 74 Angola 21.2 µg/m³
- 75 Cambodia 20.8 µg/m³
- 76 Türkiye 20.6 µg/m³
- 77 Kyrgyzstan 20.6 µg/m³
- 78 Brazil 20.4 µg/m³
- 79 West Bank and Gaza 20.4 µg/m³
- 80 South Korea 19.2 µg/m³
- 81 Algeria 18.6 µg/m³
- 82 South Africa 18.3 µg/m³
- 83 Nicaragua 18.1 µg/m³
- 84 Serbia 18.1 µg/m³
- 85 Malaysia 17.6 µg/m³
- 86 Lesotho 17.5 µg/m³
- 87 Indonesia 17.4 µg/m³
- 88 Kenya 17.4 µg/m³
- 89 Venezuela 17.2 µg/m³
- 90 Georgia 17.1 µg/m³
- 91 Israel 16.9 µg/m³
- 92 Philippines 16.7 µg/m³
- 93 Kazakhstan 16.5 µg/m³
- 94 Somalia, Fed. Rep. 16.5 µg/m³
- 95 Paraguay 16.3 µg/m³
- 96 Peru 16.2 µg/m³
- 97 Mexico 16.1 µg/m³
- 98 Turkmenistan 16.0 µg/m³
- 99 Costa Rica 15.5 µg/m³
- 100 Bolivia 15.4 µg/m³
- 101 Zambia 14.8 µg/m³
- 102 Poland 14.7 µg/m³
- 103 Eswatini 14.6 µg/m³
- 104 Malawi 14.6 µg/m³
- 105 Colombia 14.6 µg/m³
- 106 Montenegro 14.5 µg/m³
- 107 Greece 14.4 µg/m³
- 108 Tanzania 14.3 µg/m³
- 109 Botswana 14.2 µg/m³
- 110 Cyprus 14.2 µg/m³
- 111 Morocco 14.2 µg/m³
- 112 Curaçao 14.2 µg/m³
- 113 Turks and Caicos Islands 13.9 µg/m³
- 114 Aruba 13.9 µg/m³
- 115 Zimbabwe 13.5 µg/m³
- 116 Italy 13.3 µg/m³
- 117 Croatia 13.3 µg/m³
- 118 Albania 13.2 µg/m³
- 119 Namibia 12.8 µg/m³
- 120 Bulgaria 12.6 µg/m³
- 121 Argentina 12.5 µg/m³
- 122 Slovakia 12.3 µg/m³
- 123 Cuba 12.2 µg/m³
- 124 Slovenia 12.1 µg/m³
- 125 Mozambique 11.9 µg/m³
- 126 Timor-Leste 11.9 µg/m³
- 127 Panama 11.9 µg/m³
- 128 Singapore 11.8 µg/m³
- 129 Uruguay 11.5 µg/m³
- 130 Comoros 11.5 µg/m³
- 131 Belize 11.4 µg/m³
- 132 Hungary 11.2 µg/m³
- 133 Malta 11.2 µg/m³
- 134 Jamaica 11.1 µg/m³
- 135 Czechia 11.0 µg/m³
- 136 Madagascar 10.6 µg/m³
- 137 Romania 10.4 µg/m³
- 138 Puerto Rico (US) 10.3 µg/m³
- 139 Maldives 10.1 µg/m³
- 140 Guyana 10.0 µg/m³
- 141 Cayman Islands 10.0 µg/m³
- 142 United States 9.8 µg/m³
- 143 Barbados 9.8 µg/m³
- 144 Latvia 9.6 µg/m³
- 145 Trinidad and Tobago 9.6 µg/m³
- 146 Seychelles 9.6 µg/m³
- 147 Belgium 9.6 µg/m³
- 148 Austria 9.5 µg/m³
- 149 Suriname 9.5 µg/m³
- 150 Belarus 9.3 µg/m³
- 151 Ukraine 9.3 µg/m³
- 152 Netherlands 9.0 µg/m³
- 153 Grenada 8.9 µg/m³
- 154 Moldova 8.9 µg/m³
- 155 Canada 8.8 µg/m³
- 156 France 8.8 µg/m³
- 157 Saint Lucia 8.8 µg/m³
- 158 Monaco 8.7 µg/m³
- 159 Germany 8.7 µg/m³
- 160 Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 8.7 µg/m³
- 161 Andorra 8.6 µg/m³
- 162 San Marino 8.6 µg/m³
- 163 Antigua and Barbuda 8.6 µg/m³
- 164 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8.6 µg/m³
- 165 Japan 8.5 µg/m³
- 166 Gibraltar 8.4 µg/m³
- 167 US Virgin Islands 8.2 µg/m³
- 168 Lithuania 8.2 µg/m³
- 169 Ecuador 8.1 µg/m³
- 170 Switzerland 8.1 µg/m³
- 171 Bahamas 8.1 µg/m³
- 172 Mauritius 8.1 µg/m³
- 173 Spain 8.0 µg/m³
- 174 United Kingdom 7.9 µg/m³
- 175 British Virgin Islands 7.9 µg/m³
- 176 Denmark 7.7 µg/m³
- 177 Saint Kitts and Nevis 7.7 µg/m³
- 178 Dominica 7.6 µg/m³
- 179 Russia 7.4 µg/m³
- 180 Guam 7.3 µg/m³
- 181 Bermuda 7.3 µg/m³
- 182 Northern Mariana Islands 7.1 µg/m³
- 183 Luxembourg 7.0 µg/m³
- 184 Liechtenstein 7.0 µg/m³
- 185 Ireland 6.6 µg/m³
- 186 Marshall Islands 6.4 µg/m³
- 187 American Samoa 6.3 µg/m³
- 188 Fiji 6.2 µg/m³
- 189 Australia 6.2 µg/m³
- 190 Papua New Guinea 6.2 µg/m³
- 191 Portugal 6.2 µg/m³
- 192 Tonga 6.2 µg/m³
- 193 Vanuatu 6.2 µg/m³
- 194 Isle of Man 6.1 µg/m³
- 195 Palau 6.0 µg/m³
- 196 Samoa 5.9 µg/m³
- 197 Micronesia 5.9 µg/m³
- 198 New Zealand 5.9 µg/m³
- 199 Solomon Islands 5.9 µg/m³
- 200 Faroe Islands 5.8 µg/m³
- 201 French Polynesia 5.8 µg/m³
- 202 New Caledonia 5.8 µg/m³
- 203 Kiribati 5.7 µg/m³
- 204 Tuvalu 5.7 µg/m³
- 205 Iceland 5.6 µg/m³
- 206 Estonia 5.2 µg/m³
- 207 Naoero 5.2 µg/m³
- 208 Norway 5.1 µg/m³
- 209 Brunei 4.8 µg/m³
- 210 Greenland 4.6 µg/m³
- 211 Sweden 4.6 µg/m³
- 212 Finland 4.1 µg/m³
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Grey: no value for 2023. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.