Net migration rate by country, 2025, European Union (27 countries)
The difference between immigration and emigration during the year, per 1,000 people, estimated by Eurostat as total population change minus natural change. It therefore also includes statistical adjustments.
27 places ranked for 2025. Highest: Malta (23.9 per 1,000 people). Lowest: Estonia (-2.1 per 1,000 people). The median is 5.0 per 1,000 people.
Members since the United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020. About this group
Highest 10
- 1. Malta 23.9 per 1,000 people
- 2. Spain 11.8 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
- 3. Cyprus 11.3 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
- 4. Luxembourg 10.1 per 1,000 people
- 5. Ireland 9.4 per 1,000 people
- 6. Belgium 6.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
- 7. Portugal 6.2 per 1,000 people
- 8. Lithuania 5.8 per 1,000 people
- 9. Bulgaria 5.5 per 1,000 people
- 10. Finland 5.4 per 1,000 people
Lowest 10
- 27. Estonia -2.1 per 1,000 people
- 26. Latvia -0.7 per 1,000 people
- 25. Poland 0.1 per 1,000 people
- 24. Hungary 0.1 per 1,000 people
- 23. Slovakia 0.3 per 1,000 people
- 22. Sweden 1.2 per 1,000 people
- 21. Germany 2.9 per 1,000 people
- 20. Austria 3.3 per 1,000 people
- 19. France 3.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
- 18. Czechia 3.9 per 1,000 people
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Source: Eurostat.
Full ranking
| # | Country | Value | Period | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Malta | 23.9 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 2 | Spain | 11.8 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 3 | Cyprus | 11.3 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 4 | Luxembourg | 10.1 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 5 | Ireland | 9.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 6 | Belgium | 6.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 7 | Portugal | 6.2 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 8 | Lithuania | 5.8 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 9 | Bulgaria | 5.5 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 10 | Finland | 5.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 11 | Romania | 5.4 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) | 2025 | |
| 12 | Denmark | 5.3 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 13 | Netherlands | 5.2 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 14 | Italy | 5.0 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 15 | Croatia | 4.9 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 16 | Greece | 4.8 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) | 2025 | |
| 17 | Slovenia | 4.0 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 18 | Czechia | 3.9 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 19 | France | 3.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 20 | Austria | 3.3 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 21 | Germany | 2.9 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 22 | Sweden | 1.2 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 23 | Slovakia | 0.3 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 24 | Hungary | 0.1 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 25 | Poland | 0.1 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 26 | Latvia | -0.7 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 27 | Estonia | -2.1 per 1,000 people | 2025 |
Places are ordered from the highest to the lowest value. Group medians on this site are the middle value of the members with data for the same year; they are not official aggregates.
How this ranking works
Every country is ranked on its value for 2025, the latest period that most countries have, so all values are for the same point in time. Countries without a value for 2025 are left out. Groups and aggregates such as the European Union are not ranked. Values are as published by Eurostat; the ranking is a plain ordering from the highest to the lowest value and says nothing about whether a high value is good or bad.
Earlier years: use the year selector above. Methodology · Coverage and freshness