Natural population change by country, 2025
Live births minus deaths during the year, per 1,000 people in the average population. A negative value means more deaths than births.
43 places ranked for 2025. Highest: Türkiye (4.7 per 1,000 people). Lowest: Latvia (-7.7 per 1,000 people). The median is -1.7 per 1,000 people.
Highest 10
- 1. Türkiye 4.7 per 1,000 people
- 2. Iceland 4.4 per 1,000 people
- 3. Azerbaijan 3.5 per 1,000 people
- 4. Ireland 3.4 per 1,000 people
- 5. Luxembourg 3.0 per 1,000 people
- 6. Cyprus 2.5 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
- 7. Armenia 2.1 per 1,000 people
- 8. Norway 1.8 per 1,000 people
- 9. Montenegro 0.8 per 1,000 people
- 10. Switzerland 0.7 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
Lowest 10
- 43. Latvia -7.7 per 1,000 people
- 42. Bulgaria -7.7 per 1,000 people
- 41. Lithuania -6.9 per 1,000 people
- 40. Serbia -5.5 per 1,000 people
- 39. Romania -5.5 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional)
- 38. Hungary -5.4 per 1,000 people
- 37. Greece -5.3 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional)
- 36. Italy -5.0 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
- 35. Estonia -4.7 per 1,000 people
- 34. Poland -4.6 per 1,000 people
The chart loads when you scroll to it.
The chart shows the 40 highest values; the table lists all 43. Source: Eurostat.
In short
- Among the 43 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Türkiye (4.7 per 1,000 people) and the lowest Latvia (-7.7 per 1,000 people).
- Half of the countries are above -1.7 per 1,000 people and half below.
- From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 8 countries and fell in 28.
- The figure for the European Union was -3.0 per 1,000 people in 2025, against -2.5 per 1,000 people in 2020 (−0.5). The source marks a break in the series during this period, so part of the change may come from a change in method.
Full ranking
| # | Country | Value | Period | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Türkiye | 4.7 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 2 | Iceland | 4.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 3 | Azerbaijan | 3.5 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 4 | Ireland | 3.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 5 | Luxembourg | 3.0 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 6 | Cyprus | 2.5 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 7 | Armenia | 2.1 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 8 | Norway | 1.8 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 9 | Montenegro | 0.8 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 10 | Switzerland | 0.7 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 11 | Albania | 0.5 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 12 | Sweden | 0.5 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 13 | Denmark | 0.2 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 14 | Malta | 0.2 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 15 | Liechtenstein | 0.0 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 16 | United Kingdom | 0.0 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 17 | France | -0.1 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 18 | Belgium | -0.3 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 19 | Netherlands | -0.5 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 20 | Monaco | -0.8 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 21 | Austria | -1.3 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 22 | Georgia | -1.7 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 23 | Slovenia | -2.0 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 24 | Slovakia | -2.1 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 25 | Finland | -2.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 26 | North Macedonia | -2.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 27 | Spain | -2.5 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 28 | Portugal | -3.0 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 29 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -3.2 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 30 | Czechia | -3.3 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 31 | Germany | -4.2 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 32 | Moldova | -4.2 per 1,000 peoplee (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 33 | Croatia | -4.5 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 34 | Poland | -4.6 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 35 | Estonia | -4.7 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 36 | Italy | -5.0 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 37 | Greece | -5.3 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) | 2025 | |
| 38 | Hungary | -5.4 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 39 | Romania | -5.5 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) | 2025 | |
| 40 | Serbia | -5.5 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 41 | Lithuania | -6.9 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 42 | Bulgaria | -7.7 per 1,000 people | 2025 | |
| 43 | Latvia | -7.7 per 1,000 people | 2025 |
Places are ordered from the highest to the lowest value. Group medians on this site are the middle value of the members with data for the same year; they are not official aggregates.
How this ranking works
Every country is ranked on its value for 2025, the latest period that most countries have, so all values are for the same point in time. Countries without a value for 2025 are left out. Groups and aggregates such as the European Union are not ranked. Values are as published by Eurostat; the ranking is a plain ordering from the highest to the lowest value and says nothing about whether a high value is good or bad.
Earlier years: use the year selector above. Methodology · Coverage and freshness