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Net migration rate

The difference between immigration and emigration during the year, per 1,000 people, estimated by Eurostat as total population change minus natural change. It therefore also includes statistical adjustments.

Unit: Per 1,000 people Frequency: Annual Coverage: 49 countries and 1 group 1960 to 2025 Source: Eurostat
Highest in 2025 63.6 per 1,000 people Georgia Lowest in 2025 -16.7 per 1,000 peoplee (estimated) Moldova
European Union, 2025 4.6 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional) Official aggregate published by the source
Countries ranked for 2025 43 Updated by the source on 27 October 2026

43 countries have a value for 2025, the latest period in the data.

Trend over time

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Places
2 selected
Groups and aggregates
Countries
Netherlands × Spain ×

Per 1,000 people. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.

Net migration rate (per 1,000 people), 2001 to 2025
Period NetherlandsSpain
2025 5.2 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional) 11.8 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
2024 6.0 per 1,000 people 12.8 per 1,000 people
2023 7.6 per 1,000 people 13.4 per 1,000 people
2022 12.6 per 1,000 people 15.3 per 1,000 people
2021 6.1 per 1,000 people 4.2 per 1,000 people
2020 3.9 per 1,000 people 5.0 per 1,000 people
2019 6.2 per 1,000 people 9.7 per 1,000 people
2018 5.0 per 1,000 people 7.0 per 1,000 people
2017 4.7 per 1,000 people 3.8 per 1,000 people
2016 4.6 per 1,000 people 1.7 per 1,000 people
2015 3.2 per 1,000 people -0.1 per 1,000 people
2014 2.1 per 1,000 people -2.2 per 1,000 people
2013 1.2 per 1,000 people -5.4 per 1,000 people
2012 0.8 per 1,000 people -3.0 per 1,000 people
2011 1.8 per 1,000 people 1.4 per 1,000 people
2010 2.0 per 1,000 people 1.6 per 1,000 people
2009 2.3 per 1,000 people 3.0 per 1,000 people
2008 1.9 per 1,000 people 9.5 per 1,000 people
2007 -0.1 per 1,000 people 17.2 per 1,000 people
2006 -1.6 per 1,000 people 14.9 per 1,000 people
2005 -1.4 per 1,000 people 14.5 per 1,000 people
2004 -0.6 per 1,000 people 15.5 per 1,000 people
2003 0.4 per 1,000 people 15.7 per 1,000 people
2002 1.7 per 1,000 people 17.9 per 1,000 people
2001 3.5 per 1,000 people 7.9 per 1,000 people

Flags: p provisional . A dash means no value was published.

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In short

  • Among the 43 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Georgia (63.6 per 1,000 people) and the lowest Moldova (-16.7 per 1,000 people).
  • Half of the countries are above 4.6 per 1,000 people and half below.
  • From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 12 countries and fell in 27.
  • The figure for the European Union was 4.6 per 1,000 people in 2025, against 0.3 per 1,000 people in 2020 (+4.3). The source marks a break in the series during this period, so part of the change may come from a change in method.

About this measure

Definition
The difference between immigration and emigration during the year, per 1,000 people, estimated by Eurostat as total population change minus natural change. It therefore also includes statistical adjustments.
Population covered
Average resident population
Unit
Per 1,000 people
Frequency
Annual
Changes are shown as
Differences in the same unit (per 1,000 people)

Before comparing

  • Includes statistical adjustments, so it is not a direct count of migrants.

Source and dates

Original producer
Eurostat
Source
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union
Dataset or series code
demo_gind · dataset details · view at source
Selection
freq=A indic_de=CNMIGRATRT
Observation period
1960 to 2025
Provider update
27 October 2026
Retrieved
9 November 2026
Published here
9 November 2026
Licence
Eurostat reuse policy (attribution)
Attribution
Source: Eurostat

All countries in 2025 Every value is for 2025, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.

  1. 1 Georgia 63.6 per 1,000 people
  2. 2 Malta 23.9 per 1,000 people
  3. 3 Monaco 12.0 per 1,000 people
  4. 4 Spain 11.8 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  5. 5 Cyprus 11.3 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  6. 6 Luxembourg 10.1 per 1,000 people
  7. 7 Ireland 9.4 per 1,000 people
  8. 8 Liechtenstein 8.3 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  9. 9 Iceland 8.0 per 1,000 people
  10. 10 Switzerland 7.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  11. 11 Belgium 6.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  12. 12 Portugal 6.2 per 1,000 people
  13. 13 Lithuania 5.8 per 1,000 people
  14. 14 Bulgaria 5.5 per 1,000 people
  15. 15 Finland 5.4 per 1,000 people
  16. 16 Romania 5.4 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional)
  17. 17 Denmark 5.3 per 1,000 people
  18. 18 Netherlands 5.2 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  19. 19 Italy 5.0 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  20. 20 Croatia 4.9 per 1,000 people
  21. 21 Greece 4.8 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional)
  22. 22 Armenia 4.6 per 1,000 people
  23. 23 Norway 4.0 per 1,000 people
  24. 24 Slovenia 4.0 per 1,000 people
  25. 25 Czechia 3.9 per 1,000 people
  26. 26 France 3.4 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  27. 27 Austria 3.3 per 1,000 people
  28. 28 Germany 2.9 per 1,000 people
  29. 29 United Kingdom 2.5 per 1,000 people
  30. 30 Sweden 1.2 per 1,000 people
  31. 31 North Macedonia 0.5 per 1,000 people
  32. 32 Slovakia 0.3 per 1,000 people
  33. 33 Türkiye 0.3 per 1,000 people
  34. 34 Azerbaijan 0.1 per 1,000 people
  35. 35 Hungary 0.1 per 1,000 people
  36. 36 Poland 0.1 per 1,000 people
  37. 37 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 per 1,000 peoplep (provisional)
  38. 38 Serbia 0.0 per 1,000 people
  39. 39 Latvia -0.7 per 1,000 people
  40. 40 Montenegro -1.5 per 1,000 people
  41. 41 Estonia -2.1 per 1,000 people
  42. 42 Albania -12.1 per 1,000 people
  43. 43 Moldova -16.7 per 1,000 peoplee (estimated)
  44. European Union 4.6 per 1,000 peopleep (estimated, provisional)
Below the line: groups and aggregates, not ranked. View as map Ranking page with top and bottom ten

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Map

Grey: no value for 2025. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.