Kazakhstan vs Russia

Kazakhstan and Russia compared on 151 measures that both have. Each pair of values is for the same period, the latest one with data for both countries, so the year can differ from one row to the next.

Where Kazakhstan and Russia differ most

Measures where one value is the largest multiple of the other, among measures with positive values. Totals such as population, index values and growth rates are left out, because their size says little about the difference.

Population and ageing

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Population estimates and projections
people
20,330,104 people 145,440,500 people −86.0% 2023 UN Population Division
Median age estimates and projections
years
29.5 years 39.5 years −25.3% 2023 UN Population Division
Fertility rate estimates and projections
live births per woman
3.01 births per woman 1.45 births per woman +107.9% 2023 UN Population Division
Population growth estimates and projections
% per year
1.32% -0.32% +1.64 percentage points 2023 UN Population Division
Population
people
20,843,754 people 143,513,328 people −85.5% 2025 World Bank
Population growth
annual % change
1.21% -0.11% +1.32 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
% of total population
9.0% 17.8% −8.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
% of total population
29.1% 17.0% +12.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Fertility rate
births per woman
2.98 births per woman 1.42 births per woman +110.4% 2024 World Bank
Crude birth rate
births per 1,000 people
19.5 per 1,000 people 8.4 per 1,000 people +11.1 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Crude death rate
deaths per 1,000 people
6.7 per 1,000 people 12.4 per 1,000 people −5.7 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Urban population share
% of total population
62.4% 75.3% −12.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Adolescent birth rate
births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19
17.4 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 12.2 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 +5.3 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 World Bank
Age dependency ratio
dependants per 100 people aged 15 to 64
61.7 per 100 working-age people 53.4 per 100 working-age people +8.2 per 100 working-age people 2025 World Bank
Population density
people per square kilometre of land
7.6 people per km² 8.8 people per km² −13.1% 2024 World Bank
Urban population growth
annual % change
1.72% 0.08% +1.64 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Migration and citizenship

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Net migration estimates and projections
per 1,000 people
-0.2 per 1,000 people 0.2 per 1,000 people −0.4 per 1,000 people 2023 UN Population Division
Net migration
people
-8,834 people -251,822 people +96.5% 2025 World Bank
International migrant stock
% of population
10.1% 5.3% +4.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Personal remittances received
% of GDP
0.1% 0.1% 0 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Employment and occupations

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the unemployment rate
% of the labour force aged 15 and over
4.8% 2.1% +2.6 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
ILO estimate of youth unemployment
% of the labour force aged 15 to 24
3.8% 7.6% −3.8 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Labour force participation
% of working-age population aged 15 and over
67.8% 61.1% +6.7 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Women's labour force participation
% of women aged 15 and over
62.6% 54.5% +8.1 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment-to-population ratio
% of population aged 15 and over
64.5% 59.8% +4.7 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment in agriculture
% of total employment
11.3% 5.1% +6.2 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in industry
% of total employment
19.9% 25.8% −5.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in services
% of total employment
68.8% 69.1% −0.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Economy and productivity

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
GDP in US dollars
current US dollars
US$306.2 billion US$2.56 trillion −88.0% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita in US dollars
current US dollars per person
US$14,692 per person US$17,547 per person −16.3% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita, PPP
constant 2021 international dollars per person
Int$37,851 per person Int$42,358 per person −10.6% 2025 World Bank
GNI per capita, Atlas method
current US dollars per person
US$13,740 per person US$15,960 per person −13.9% 2025 World Bank
Real GDP growth
annual % change
6.5% 1.0% +5.5 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Services share of GDP
% of GDP
57.7% 58.9% −1.2 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Investment share of GDP
% of GDP
27.2% 26.5% +0.7 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Savings share of GDP
% of GDP
29.0% 30.9% −1.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Household consumption per person
constant 2015 US dollars per person
US$6,789 per person US$6,306 per person +7.7% 2024 World Bank

Prices and purchasing power

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Consumer price inflation
annual % change
11.4% 8.7% +2.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Consumer price index
index, 2010 = 100
347.9 (2010 = 100) 283.0 (2010 = 100) +64.9 points 2025 World Bank
Inflation measured by the GDP deflator
annual % change
9.6% 4.9% +4.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Exchange rate to the US dollar
local currency units per US dollar, annual average
521.035 per US$ 83.653 per US$ +522.9% 2025 World Bank

Housing and households

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Slum population
% of urban population
0.8% 2.6% −1.8 percentage points 2022 World Bank

Education and skills

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate
% of youth aged 15 to 24
7.8% 11.8% −4.0 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Lower secondary completion
% of young people 3 to 5 years above the final grade age
97.3% 100.0% −2.7 percentage points 2019 UNESCO UIS
Upper secondary completion
% of young people 3 to 5 years above the final grade age
97.6% 91.3% +6.3 percentage points 2019 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school children
% of children of primary school age
5.9% 4.9% +0.9 percentage points 2023 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school adolescents
% of adolescents of lower secondary school age
4.0% 0.3% +3.7 percentage points 2023 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school youth
% of youth of upper secondary school age
3.3% 44.8% −41.5 percentage points 2023 UNESCO UIS
Primary net enrolment
% of children of primary school age
94.1% 95.1% −0.9 percentage points 2023 UNESCO UIS
Youth literacy
% of people aged 15 to 24
99.7% 99.7% 0 percentage points 1989 UNESCO UIS
Qualified primary teachers
% of primary teachers
100.0% 96.0% +4.0 percentage points 2023 UNESCO UIS
Education share of public spending
% of total government expenditure
13.9% 14.3% −0.5 percentage points 2018 UNESCO UIS
Education spending
% of GDP
4.9% 4.2% +0.7 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Primary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official primary school-age population
99.0% 97.7% +1.2 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Tertiary education enrolment (gross)
% of the population in the five years after secondary school age
53.5% 60.4% −6.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Adult literacy rate
% of people aged 15 and above
97.5% 98.0% −0.5 percentage points 1989 World Bank
Primary school completion rate
% of the relevant age group
95.6% 100.0% −4.5 percentage points 2019 World Bank
Secondary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official secondary school-age population
95.2% 92.5% +2.8 percentage points 2023 World Bank

Health and healthcare

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Life expectancy estimates and projections
years
74.4 years 73.2 years +1.7% 2023 UN Population Division
Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections
years
16.3 years 17.1 years −5.1% 2023 UN Population Division
Healthy life expectancy
years
64.6 years 62.2 years +3.9% 2023 WHO
UHC service coverage
index from 0 to 100
83 81 +2 points 2023 WHO
Alcohol consumption
litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15+
4.56 litres 7.78 litres −41.4% 2024 WHO
Adult obesity
% of adults aged 18+
21.1% 17.6% +3.5 percentage points 2024 WHO
Hypertension
% of adults aged 30 to 79
41.9% 44.3% −2.4 percentage points 2019 WHO
Suicide rate
deaths per 100,000 people
18.2 per 100,000 people 19.8 per 100,000 people −1.6 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Premature NCD mortality
% probability
19.5% 23.3% −3.8 percentage points 2023 WHO
Physical inactivity
% of adults aged 18+
28.4% 20.3% +8.1 percentage points 2022 WHO
DTP3 immunisation
% of one-year-olds
54% 97% −43.0 percentage points 2025 WHO
Anaemia in women
% of women aged 15 to 49
30.5% 24.1% +6.4 percentage points 2023 WHO
Poisoning deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
1.6 per 100,000 people 3.3 per 100,000 people −1.7 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Nurses and midwives
per 10,000 people
67.1 per 10,000 people 70.4 per 10,000 people −3.3 per 10,000 people 2022 WHO
Dentists
per 10,000 people
2.34 per 10,000 people 2.79 per 10,000 people −0.45 per 10,000 people 2020 WHO
Life expectancy at birth
years
74.5 years 73.4 years +1.5% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, women
years
78.5 years 78.9 years −0.5% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, men
years
70.3 years 68.3 years +2.9% 2024 World Bank
Health spending share of GDP
% of GDP
3.8% 7.0% −3.3 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Under-five mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
9.4 per 1,000 live births 5.2 per 1,000 live births +4.2 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Infant mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
7.4 per 1,000 live births 4.1 per 1,000 live births +3.3 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
10 per 100,000 live births 9 per 100,000 live births +1 per 100,000 live births 2023 World Bank
Physicians
physicians per 1,000 people
3.72 per 1,000 people 5.11 per 1,000 people −1.39 per 1,000 people 2022 World Bank
Hospital beds
beds per 1,000 people
6.5 per 1,000 people 7.1 per 1,000 people −0.5 per 1,000 people 2020 World Bank
Measles immunisation
% of children aged 12 to 23 months
93% 97% −4.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tobacco use
% of adults aged 15 and over
21.1% 27.0% −5.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Out-of-pocket health spending
% of current health expenditure
27.6% 28.4% −0.8 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Health spending per person
current US dollars per person
US$490 per person US$1,003 per person −51.2% 2023 World Bank
Diabetes prevalence
% of population aged 20 to 79
6.8% 5.9% +0.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Neonatal mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
3.9 per 1,000 live births 2.0 per 1,000 live births +1.9 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Tuberculosis incidence
new cases per 100,000 people
45 per 100,000 people 34 per 100,000 people +11 per 100,000 people 2024 World Bank

Internet and digital society

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Internet users
% of population
93.4% 94.4% −1.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Mobile subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
127 per 100 people 186 per 100 people −59 per 100 people 2024 World Bank
Fixed broadband subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
15.3 per 100 people 27.1 per 100 people −11.8 per 100 people 2024 World Bank

Business and industry

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Industry share of GDP
% of GDP
32.3% 29.7% +2.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
New businesses registered
new limited liability companies
42,707 companies 214,957 companies −80.1% 2024 World Bank
Medium and high-tech manufacturing
% of manufacturing value added
21.6% 33.7% −12.1 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Manufacturing share of GDP
% of GDP
12.7% 13.7% −1.0 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Trade and investment

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Exports share of GDP
% of GDP
31.6% 21.9% +9.7 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Imports share of GDP
% of GDP
25.6% 17.6% +8.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Trade as a share of GDP
% of GDP
57.2% 39.4% +17.7 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Foreign direct investment inflows
% of GDP
-0.3% 0.4% −0.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Current account balance
% of GDP
-4.1% 1.5% −5.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
High-technology exports
% of manufactured exports
27.3% 9.7% +17.6 percentage points 2021 World Bank

Transport and mobility

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Road traffic deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
12.7 per 100,000 people 12.0 per 100,000 people +0.7 per 100,000 people 2019 World Bank
Air passengers carried
passengers
11,884,241 passengers 98,872,628 passengers −88.0% 2023 World Bank

Energy and electricity

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Access to electricity
% of population
100.0% 100.0% same 2024 World Bank
Clean cooking access
% of population
96.0% 100.0% −4.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Renewable energy share
% of total final energy consumption
2.0% 3.5% −1.5 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Fossil electricity share
% of total electricity production
85.9% 64.3% +21.6 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Net energy imports
% of energy use
-112.4% -70.7% −41.7 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Climate and emissions

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Temperature change
°C difference from the 1951 to 1980 average
3.29 °Ce (Estimated value) 2.87 °Ce (Estimated value) +0.42 °C 2025 FAOSTAT
Agrifood emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
3.57 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) 3.09 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) +15.7% 2024 FAOSTAT
Total greenhouse gas emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
330.4 Mt CO2e 2,575.7 Mt CO2e −87.2% 2024 World Bank
Greenhouse gas emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
16.0 t CO2e per person 17.9 t CO2e per person −10.5% 2024 World Bank
CO2 emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 per person
12.57 t CO2 per person 13.98 t CO2 per person −10.1% 2024 World Bank
Methane emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
57.3 Mt CO2e 416.9 Mt CO2e −86.3% 2024 World Bank
Nitrous oxide emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
10.47 Mt CO2e 87.53 Mt CO2e −88.0% 2024 World Bank

Air quality and ecosystems

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
PM2.5 air pollution
micrograms per cubic metre
16.5 µg/m³ 7.4 µg/m³ +123.9% 2023 WHO
Forest area
% of land area
1.3% 50.8% −49.5 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Protected areas
% of total territorial area
11.8% 8.6% +3.2 percentage points 2025 World Bank
PM2.5 air pollution exposure
micrograms per cubic metre
19.6 µg/m³ 11.6 µg/m³ +69.4% 2023 World Bank
Terrestrial protected areas
% of land area
10.1% 11.5% −1.4 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Water, sanitation and waste

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Basic drinking water access
% of population
97.8% 96.9% +0.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Safely managed drinking water
% of population
91.5% 76.3% +15.3 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Basic sanitation access
% of population
97.9% 92.2% +5.7 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Level of water stress
% of available freshwater resources
34.6% 4.1% +30.5 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Renewable internal freshwater per person
cubic metres per person
3,212 m³ per person 29,895 m³ per person −89.3% 2022 World Bank

Agriculture, food and fisheries

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Cost of a healthy diet
international dollars (PPP) per person per day
Int$3.07 per person per daye (Estimated value) Int$3.39 per person per daye (Estimated value) −9.4% 2025 FAOSTAT
Healthy diet unaffordable
% of the population
3.4%e (Estimated value) 12.4%e (Estimated value) −9.0 percentage points 2025 FAOSTAT
Pesticide use
kg of active ingredients per hectare of cropland
0.29 kg/hae (Estimated value) 0.78 kg/hae (Estimated value) −62.8% 2024 FAOSTAT
Nitrogen fertiliser use
kg of nitrogen (N) per hectare of cropland
2.3 kg/hae (Estimated value) 18.1 kg/hae (Estimated value) −87.3% 2024 FAOSTAT
Agriculture share of GDP
% of GDP
3.7% 3.1% +0.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Cereal yield
kilograms per hectare
1,530 kg per hectare 3,042 kg per hectare −49.7% 2024 World Bank
Agricultural land
% of land area
79.2% 13.2% +66.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Capture fisheries production
metric tonnes
45,025 tonnes 5,018,710 tonnes −99.1% 2024 World Bank
Prevalence of undernourishment
% of population
2.5% 2.5% same 2024 World Bank
Food production index
index, 2014 to 2016 = 100
134.4 (2014-16 = 100) 119.9 (2014-16 = 100) +12.1% 2024 World Bank
Fertiliser use
kilograms per hectare of arable land
3.8 kg per hectare 29.1 kg per hectare −87.1% 2024 World Bank
Land area
square kilometres
2,699,700 km² 16,376,870 km² −83.5% 2024 World Bank

Poverty and social protection

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Gini index
Gini index, 0 to 100
29.2 (0 to 100) 35.1 (0 to 100) −5.9 points 2021 World Bank
Income share held by the richest 10%
% of total income or consumption
24.8% 26.6% −1.8 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Extreme poverty rate
% of population
0.0% 0.2% −0.2 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Poverty rate at national poverty lines
% of population
5.0% 7.2% −2.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP)
% of population
0.3% 0.4% −0.1 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP)
% of population
15.2% 2.2% +13.0 percentage points 2021 World Bank

Government finance and taxation

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Tax revenue
% of GDP
11.9% 12.2% −0.3 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Central government expense
% of GDP
17.4% 30.0% −12.5 percentage points 2023 World Bank

Science and innovation

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
R&D spending share of GDP
% of GDP
0.16% 0.94% −0.77 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Researchers per million people
researchers per million people
758 per million people 2,639 per million people −1,881 per million people 2024 World Bank
Scientific and technical journal articles
articles, fractional count
3,819 articles 85,558 articles −95.5% 2023 World Bank

Crime, justice and public safety

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Intentional homicides
victims per 100,000 people
2.8 per 100,000 people 6.8 per 100,000 people −3.9 per 100,000 people 2021 World Bank

Culture, society and wellbeing

MeasureKazakhstanRussiaKazakhstan compared with RussiaPeriodSource
Women in national parliament
% of seats in the single or lower chamber
18.4% 16.4% +1.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank

The difference column shows Kazakhstan compared with Russia: in percentage points for percentages, in the same unit for rates per population and index values, and in percent for other measures.

Open a measure to see both countries on a chart. All statistics for Kazakhstan · All statistics for Russia · Other pairs