Old-age dependency by region, 2025
People aged 65 or over as a percentage of people aged 15 to 64 in the region on 1 January.
294 places ranked for 2025. Highest: Chemnitz (53.2 per 100). Lowest: Mayotte (5.0 per 100). The median is 33.9 per 100.
Highest 10
- 1. Chemnitz 53.2 per 100
- 2. Limousin 49.5 per 100p (provisional)
- 3. Liguria 48.3 per 100
- 4. Sachsen-Anhalt 48.0 per 100
- 5. Severozapaden 47.8 per 100
- 6. Ipeiros 47.4 per 100
- 7. Poitou-Charentes 47.3 per 100p (provisional)
- 8. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 47.2 per 100
- 9. Thüringen 47.2 per 100
- 10. Severen tsentralen 46.2 per 100
Lowest 10
- 294. Mayotte 5.0 per 100p (provisional)
- 293. Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır 8.0 per 100
- 292. Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari 8.2 per 100
- 291. Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt 8.2 per 100
- 290. Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis 10.5 per 100
- 289. İstanbul 11.5 per 100
- 288. Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan 12.3 per 100
- 287. Guyane 12.4 per 100p (provisional)
- 286. Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye 14.1 per 100
- 285. Ankara 14.6 per 100
The chart loads when you scroll to it.
The chart shows the 40 highest values; the table lists all 294. Source: Eurostat.
In short
- Among the 294 regions with a value for 2025, the highest is Chemnitz (53.2 per 100) and the lowest Mayotte (5.0 per 100).
- Half of the regions are above 33.9 per 100 and half below.
- From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 278 regions and fell in 7.
Full ranking
| # | Region | Value | Period | Relative size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chemnitz | 53.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 2 | Limousin | 49.5 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 3 | Liguria | 48.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 4 | Sachsen-Anhalt | 48.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 5 | Severozapaden | 47.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 6 | Ipeiros | 47.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 7 | Poitou-Charentes | 47.3 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 8 | Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 47.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 9 | Thüringen | 47.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 10 | Severen tsentralen | 46.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 11 | Centro | 46.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 12 | Principado de Asturias | 45.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 13 | Alentejo | 45.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 14 | Dresden | 45.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 15 | Peloponnisos | 45.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 16 | Bourgogne | 45.1 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 17 | Etelä-Suomi | 45.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 18 | Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi | 45.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 19 | Auvergne | 44.8 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 20 | Friuli-Venezia Giulia | 44.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 21 | Umbria | 44.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 22 | Basse-Normandie | 44.3 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 23 | Castilla y León | 44.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 24 | Brandenburg | 44.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 25 | Dytiki Makedonia | 43.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 26 | Molise | 43.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 27 | Sardegna | 43.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 28 | Norra Mellansverige | 43.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 29 | Jug | 43.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 30 | Martinique | 43.4 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 31 | Piemonte | 43.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 32 | Corse | 43.2 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 33 | Sterea Elláda | 43.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 34 | Galicia | 43.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 35 | Toscana | 43.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 36 | Languedoc-Roussillon | 42.9 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 37 | Marche | 42.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 38 | Thessalia | 42.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 39 | Mellersta Norrland | 42.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 40 | Limburg | 41.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 41 | Zeeland | 41.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 42 | Abruzzo | 41.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 43 | Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur | 41.7 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 44 | Drenthe | 41.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 45 | Oeste e Vale do Tejo | 41.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 46 | Basilicata | 41.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 47 | Centre — Val de Loire | 41.1 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 48 | Saarland | 41.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 49 | Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste | 41.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 50 | Åland | 41.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 51 | Bretagne | 41.0 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 52 | Prov. West-Vlaanderen | 40.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 53 | Ionia Nisia | 40.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 54 | Länsi-Suomi | 40.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 55 | Aquitaine | 40.6 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 56 | Yuzhen tsentralen | 40.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 57 | Jadranska Hrvatska | 39.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 58 | Panonska Hrvatska | 39.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 59 | Sjælland | 39.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 60 | Burgenland | 39.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 61 | Guadeloupe | 39.5 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 62 | Dytiki Elláda | 39.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 63 | Emilia-Romagna | 39.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 64 | Yugoiztochen | 39.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 65 | Veneto | 39.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 66 | Småland med öarna | 39.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 67 | Region Juzne i Istocne Srbije | 39.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 68 | Champagne-Ardenne | 39.0 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 69 | Puglia | 39.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 70 | Innlandet | 38.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 71 | Algarve | 38.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 72 | Calabria | 38.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 73 | Kassel | 38.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 74 | Lüneburg | 38.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 75 | Koblenz | 38.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 76 | Region Sumadije i Zapadne Srbije | 38.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 77 | Franche-Comté | 38.5 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 78 | Oberfranken | 38.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 79 | Kärnten | 38.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 80 | Schleswig-Holstein | 38.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 81 | Övre Norrland | 38.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 82 | Cantabria | 38.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 83 | Provincia Autonoma di Trento | 38.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 84 | Severoiztochen | 38.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 85 | Świętokrzyskie | 38.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 86 | Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki | 38.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 87 | Braunschweig | 38.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 88 | Friesland | 38.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 89 | Norte | 38.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 90 | País Vasco | 38.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 91 | Midi-Pyrénées | 37.9 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 92 | Unterfranken | 37.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 93 | Nordjylland | 37.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 94 | Ticino | 37.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 95 | Lombardia | 37.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 96 | Pays de la Loire | 37.3 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 97 | Sicilia | 37.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 98 | Syddanmark | 37.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 99 | Dél-Dunántúl | 37.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 100 | Voreio Aigaio | 37.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 101 | Kentriki Makedonia | 37.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 102 | Lorraine | 37.1 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 103 | Lazio | 37.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 104 | Hannover | 36.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 105 | Łódzkie | 36.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 106 | Leipzig | 36.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 107 | Península de Setúbal | 36.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 108 | Haute-Normandie | 36.3 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 109 | Prov. Limburg | 36.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 110 | Vzhodna Slovenija | 36.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 111 | Rheinhessen-Pfalz | 36.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 112 | Arnsberg | 35.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 113 | Trier | 35.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 114 | Dél-Alföld | 35.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 115 | Extremadura | 35.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 116 | Zachodniopomorskie | 35.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 117 | Gießen | 35.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 118 | Region Vojvodine | 35.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 119 | Střední Morava | 35.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 120 | Lubelskie | 35.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 121 | Niederbayern | 35.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 122 | Detmold | 35.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 123 | Aragón | 35.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 124 | Gelderland | 35.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 125 | Weser-Ems | 35.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 126 | Śląskie | 35.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 127 | Düsseldorf | 34.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 128 | La Rioja | 34.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 129 | Östra Mellansverige | 34.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 130 | Freiburg | 34.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 131 | Opolskie | 34.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 132 | Latvija | 34.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 133 | Grande Lisboa | 34.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 134 | Münster | 34.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 135 | Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas | 34.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 136 | Severovýchod | 34.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 137 | Sud-Est | 34.4 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 138 | Picardie | 34.3 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 139 | Sjeverna Hrvatska | 34.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 140 | Oberpfalz | 34.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 141 | Steiermark | 34.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 142 | Sud-Vest Oltenia | 34.2 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 143 | Attiki | 34.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 144 | Dolnośląskie | 34.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 145 | Schwaben | 34.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 146 | Sud-Muntenia | 34.0 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 147 | Moravskoslezsko | 33.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 148 | Niederösterreich | 33.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 149 | Noord-Brabant | 33.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 150 | Tübingen | 33.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 151 | Alsace | 33.8 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 152 | Mittelfranken | 33.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 153 | Karlsruhe | 33.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 154 | Nord-Norge | 33.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 155 | Jihozápad | 33.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 156 | Podlaskie | 33.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 157 | Zahodna Slovenija | 33.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 158 | Kriti | 33.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 159 | Kujawsko-pomorskie | 33.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 160 | Lubuskie | 33.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 161 | Nyugat-Dunántúl | 33.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 162 | Prov. Brabant wallon | 33.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 163 | Västsverige | 33.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 164 | Agder og Sør-Østlandet | 33.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 165 | Jihovýchod | 33.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 166 | Overijssel | 33.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 167 | Észak-Magyarország | 33.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 168 | Rhône-Alpes | 33.0 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 169 | Sydsverige | 33.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 170 | Eesti | 32.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 171 | Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen | 32.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 172 | Espace Mittelland | 32.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 173 | Köln | 32.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 174 | Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen | 32.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 175 | Stuttgart | 32.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 176 | Vest | 32.8 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 177 | Warmińsko-mazurskie | 32.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 178 | Yugozapaden | 32.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 179 | Campania | 32.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 180 | Severozápad | 32.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 181 | Közép-Dunántúl | 32.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 182 | Prov. Antwerpen | 32.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 183 | Mazowiecki regionalny | 32.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 184 | Notio Aigaio | 32.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 185 | Prov. Vlaams-Brabant | 32.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 186 | Groningen | 32.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 187 | Midtjylland | 32.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 188 | Bremen | 32.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 189 | Centru | 32.2 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 190 | Comunidad Foral de Navarra | 32.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 191 | Grad Zagreb | 32.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 192 | Beogradski region | 32.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 193 | Região Autónoma da Madeira | 32.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 194 | Darmstadt | 31.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 195 | Ostschweiz | 31.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 196 | Podkarpackie | 31.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 197 | Nord-Pas de Calais | 31.8 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 198 | Liechtenstein | 31.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 199 | Prov. Liège | 31.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 200 | Prov. Namur | 31.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 201 | Prov. Hainaut | 31.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 202 | Salzburg | 31.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 203 | Budapest | 31.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 204 | Nordwestschweiz | 31.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 205 | Oberösterreich | 31.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 206 | Veri | 31.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 207 | Západné Slovensko | 31.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 208 | Comunitat Valenciana | 30.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 209 | Észak-Alföld | 30.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 210 | Oberbayern | 30.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 211 | Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop | 30.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 212 | Castilla-La Mancha | 30.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 213 | Tirol | 30.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 214 | Nord-Est | 30.0 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 215 | Pomorskie | 30.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 216 | Wielkopolskie | 29.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 217 | Trøndelag | 29.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 218 | Zentralschweiz | 29.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 219 | Małopolskie | 29.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 220 | Zuid-Holland | 29.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 221 | Cataluña | 29.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 222 | Střední Čechy | 29.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 223 | Nord-Vest | 29.1 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 224 | Bratislavský kraj | 29.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 225 | Noord-Holland | 29.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 226 | Vestlandet | 29.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 227 | Stredné Slovensko | 28.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 228 | Vorarlberg | 28.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 229 | Berlin | 28.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 230 | Severna Makedonija | 28.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 231 | Warszawski stołeczny | 28.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 232 | Andalucía | 28.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 233 | Prov. Luxembourg | 28.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 234 | Utrecht | 28.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 235 | Comunidad de Madrid | 27.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 236 | Helsinki-Uusimaa | 27.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 237 | Praha | 27.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 238 | Qender | 27.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 239 | Northern and Western | 27.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 240 | Pest | 27.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 241 | Kýpros | 27.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 242 | Bucureşti-Ilfov | 27.1 per 100e (estimated) | 2025 | |
| 243 | Sostinės regionas | 26.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 244 | Hamburg | 26.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 245 | Crna Gora | 26.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 246 | Malta | 26.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 247 | Région lémanique | 26.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 248 | Hovedstaden | 26.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 249 | Região Autónoma dos Açores | 26.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 250 | Southern | 26.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 251 | Východné Slovensko | 26.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 252 | Balıkesir, Çanakkale | 25.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 253 | Canarias | 25.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 254 | Zürich | 25.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 255 | Stockholm | 25.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 256 | Oslo og Viken | 25.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 257 | Región de Murcia | 25.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 258 | Ile de France | 24.9 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 259 | La Réunion | 24.7 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 260 | Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin, Gümüşhane | 24.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 261 | Illes Balears | 24.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 262 | Flevoland | 24.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 263 | Wien | 23.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 264 | Ísland | 23.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 265 | Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın | 22.9 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 266 | Samsun, Tokat, Çorum, Amasya | 22.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 267 | Luxembourg | 22.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 268 | Eastern and Midland | 21.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 269 | Aydın, Denizli, Muğla | 20.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 270 | Manisa, Afyonkarahisar, Kütahya, Uşak | 19.8 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 271 | Ciudad de Ceuta | 19.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 272 | İzmir | 19.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 273 | Ciudad de Melilla | 18.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 274 | Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest | 18.7 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 275 | Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli | 18.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 276 | Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir, Kırşehir | 18.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 277 | Kayseri, Sivas, Yozgat | 18.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 278 | Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl, Tunceli | 17.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 279 | Bursa, Eskişehir, Bilecik | 16.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 280 | Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt | 16.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 281 | Konya, Karaman | 16.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 282 | Antalya, Isparta, Burdur | 16.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 283 | Adana, Mersin | 15.4 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 284 | Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, Yalova | 15.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 285 | Ankara | 14.6 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 286 | Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Osmaniye | 14.1 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 287 | Guyane | 12.4 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 | |
| 288 | Ağrı, Kars, Iğdır, Ardahan | 12.3 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 289 | İstanbul | 11.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 290 | Gaziantep, Adıyaman, Kilis | 10.5 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 291 | Mardin, Batman, Şırnak, Siirt | 8.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 292 | Van, Muş, Bitlis, Hakkari | 8.2 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 293 | Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır | 8.0 per 100 | 2025 | |
| 294 | Mayotte | 5.0 per 100p (provisional) | 2025 |
Places are ordered from the highest to the lowest value. Group medians on this site are the middle value of the members with data for the same year; they are not official aggregates.
How this ranking works
Every region is ranked on its value for 2025, the latest period that most regions have, so all values are for the same point in time. Regions without a value for 2025 are left out. Groups and aggregates such as the European Union are not ranked. Values are as published by Eurostat; the ranking is a plain ordering from the highest to the lowest value and says nothing about whether a high value is good or bad.
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