Madagascar vs Somalia, Fed. Rep.
Madagascar and Somalia, Fed. Rep. compared on 121 measures that both have. Each pair of values is for the same period, the latest one with data for both countries, so the year can differ from one row to the next.
Where Madagascar and Somalia, Fed. Rep. differ most
- Fertiliser use, 2022: Madagascar 6.9 kg per hectare, Somalia, Fed. Rep. 0.1 kg per hectare (53.2 times as high)
- Renewable internal freshwater per person, 2022: Madagascar 11,072 m³ per person, Somalia, Fed. Rep. 337 m³ per person (32.9 times as high)
- ILO estimate of youth unemployment, 2025: Madagascar 5.2%, Somalia, Fed. Rep. 34.2% (6.5 times as high)
- Primary school enrolment (gross), 2023: Madagascar 130.6%, Somalia, Fed. Rep. 20.9% (6.2 times as high)
- Fixed broadband subscriptions, 2023: Madagascar 0.1 per 100 people, Somalia, Fed. Rep. 0.7 per 100 people (5.8 times as high)
Measures where one value is the largest multiple of the other, among measures with positive values. Totals such as population, index values and growth rates are left out, because their size says little about the difference.
Population and ageing
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population estimates and projections people |
31,195,932 people | 18,358,615 people | +69.9% | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Median age estimates and projections years |
18.9 years | 15.4 years | +22.2% | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Fertility rate estimates and projections live births per woman |
3.97 births per woman | 6.13 births per woman | −35.2% | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Population growth estimates and projections % per year |
2.45% | 3.57% | −1.11 percentage points | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Population people |
32,740,678 people | 19,654,739 people | +66.6% | 2025 | World Bank |
| Population growth annual % change |
2.40% | 3.34% | −0.94 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Population aged 65 and over % of total population |
3.5% | 2.6% | +0.9 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Population aged 0 to 14 % of total population |
38.9% | 46.6% | −7.6 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Fertility rate births per woman |
3.91 births per woman | 6.01 births per woman | −34.9% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Crude birth rate births per 1,000 people |
31.7 per 1,000 people | 42.3 per 1,000 people | −10.6 per 1,000 people | 2024 | World Bank |
| Crude death rate deaths per 1,000 people |
7.5 per 1,000 people | 9.7 per 1,000 people | −2.3 per 1,000 people | 2024 | World Bank |
| Urban population share % of total population |
32.9% | 55.1% | −22.2 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Adolescent birth rate births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 |
128.7 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 | 115.4 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 | +13.3 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 | 2024 | World Bank |
| Age dependency ratio dependants per 100 people aged 15 to 64 |
73.6 per 100 working-age people | 96.7 per 100 working-age people | −23.1 per 100 working-age people | 2025 | World Bank |
| Population density people per square kilometre of land |
54.9 people per km² | 30.3 people per km² | +81.3% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Urban population growth annual % change |
3.83% | 4.29% | −0.46 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
Migration and citizenship
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net migration estimates and projections per 1,000 people |
0.0 per 1,000 people | 2.5 per 1,000 people | −2.6 per 1,000 people | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Net migration people |
-2,227 people | 12,077 people | −14,304 people | 2025 | World Bank |
| International migrant stock % of population |
0.1% | 0.4% | −0.3 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Personal remittances received % of GDP |
0.0% | 3.0% | −2.9 percentage points | 1983 | World Bank |
Employment and occupations
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ILO estimate of the unemployment rate % of the labour force aged 15 and over |
3.0% | 18.9% | −15.9 percentage points | 2025 | ILOSTAT |
| ILO estimate of youth unemployment % of the labour force aged 15 to 24 |
5.2% | 34.2% | −29.0 percentage points | 2025 | ILOSTAT |
| Labour force participation % of working-age population aged 15 and over |
85.5% | 33.8% | +51.6 percentage points | 2025 | ILOSTAT |
| Women's labour force participation % of women aged 15 and over |
82.9% | 20.7% | +62.2 percentage points | 2025 | ILOSTAT |
| Employment-to-population ratio % of population aged 15 and over |
82.9% | 27.4% | +55.5 percentage points | 2025 | ILOSTAT |
| Employment in agriculture % of total employment |
69.2% | 30.0% | +39.2 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Employment in industry % of total employment |
9.9% | 17.8% | −7.8 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Employment in services % of total employment |
20.9% | 52.2% | −31.3 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
Economy and productivity
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP in US dollars current US dollars |
US$19.6 billion | US$13.0 billion | +51.0% | 2025 | World Bank |
| GDP per capita in US dollars current US dollars per person |
US$599 per person | US$661 per person | −9.4% | 2025 | World Bank |
| GDP per capita, PPP constant 2021 international dollars per person |
Int$1,668 per person | Int$1,404 per person | +18.9% | 2025 | World Bank |
| GNI per capita, Atlas method current US dollars per person |
US$560 per person | US$640 per person | −12.5% | 2025 | World Bank |
| Real GDP growth annual % change |
3.0% | 3.0% | 0 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Investment share of GDP % of GDP |
24.1% | 28.1% | −4.0 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Household consumption per person constant 2015 US dollars per person |
US$337 per person | US$625 per person | −46.2% | 2025 | World Bank |
Prices and purchasing power
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation measured by the GDP deflator annual % change |
8.4% | 12.9% | −4.5 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Exchange rate to the US dollar local currency units per US dollar, annual average |
3,116.110 per US$ | 23,097.987 per US$ | −86.5% | 2017 | World Bank |
Housing and households
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slum population % of urban population |
65.7% | 48.7% | +17.0 percentage points | 2022 | World Bank |
Education and skills
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate % of youth aged 15 to 24 |
24.4% | 43.6% | −19.3 percentage points | 2025 | ILOSTAT |
| Education share of public spending % of total government expenditure |
18.0% | 4.3% | +13.7 percentage points | 2019 | UNESCO UIS |
| Education spending % of GDP |
3.0% | 0.0% | +3.0 percentage points | 2023 | World Bank |
| Primary school enrolment (gross) % of the official primary school-age population |
130.6% | 20.9% | +109.7 percentage points | 2023 | World Bank |
| Tertiary education enrolment (gross) % of the population in the five years after secondary school age |
3.4% | 2.4% | +1.0 percentage points | 1987 | World Bank |
| Secondary school enrolment (gross) % of the official secondary school-age population |
25.2% | 6.0% | +19.2 percentage points | 2007 | World Bank |
Health and healthcare
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy estimates and projections years |
63.6 years | 58.8 years | +8.2% | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections years |
13.9 years | 13.5 years | +3.2% | 2023 | UN Population Division |
| Healthy life expectancy years |
56.4 years | 48.6 years | +16.0% | 2023 | WHO |
| UHC service coverage index from 0 to 100 |
33 | 30 | +3 points | 2023 | WHO |
| Alcohol consumption litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15+ |
0.43 litres | 0.00 litres | +0.43 litres | 2024 | WHO |
| Adult obesity % of adults aged 18+ |
4.5% | 14.9% | −10.4 percentage points | 2024 | WHO |
| Hypertension % of adults aged 30 to 79 |
36.9% | 36.1% | +0.8 percentage points | 2019 | WHO |
| Suicide rate deaths per 100,000 people |
17.0 per 100,000 people | 27.8 per 100,000 people | −10.8 per 100,000 people | 2023 | WHO |
| Premature NCD mortality % probability |
20.0% | 27.9% | −7.9 percentage points | 2023 | WHO |
| Physical inactivity % of adults aged 18+ |
12.1% | 16.0% | −4.0 percentage points | 2022 | WHO |
| DTP3 immunisation % of one-year-olds |
64% | 72% | −8.0 percentage points | 2025 | WHO |
| Anaemia in women % of women aged 15 to 49 |
37.2% | 46.2% | −9.0 percentage points | 2023 | WHO |
| Poisoning deaths deaths per 100,000 people |
2.2 per 100,000 people | 3.3 per 100,000 people | −1.1 per 100,000 people | 2023 | WHO |
| Nurses and midwives per 10,000 people |
2.7 per 10,000 people | 3.2 per 10,000 people | −0.5 per 10,000 people | 2024 | WHO |
| Dentists per 10,000 people |
0.07 per 10,000 people | 0.02 per 10,000 people | +0.05 per 10,000 people | 2024 | WHO |
| Life expectancy at birth years |
63.8 years | 59.0 years | +8.3% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Life expectancy at birth, women years |
65.6 years | 61.6 years | +6.6% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Life expectancy at birth, men years |
62.1 years | 56.5 years | +10.0% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Health spending share of GDP % of GDP |
3.4% | 3.7% | −0.3 percentage points | 2023 | World Bank |
| Under-five mortality rate deaths per 1,000 live births |
62.4 per 1,000 live births | 101.1 per 1,000 live births | −38.7 per 1,000 live births | 2024 | World Bank |
| Infant mortality rate deaths per 1,000 live births |
43.0 per 1,000 live births | 65.4 per 1,000 live births | −22.4 per 1,000 live births | 2024 | World Bank |
| Maternal mortality ratio maternal deaths per 100,000 live births |
445 per 100,000 live births | 563 per 100,000 live births | −118 per 100,000 live births | 2023 | World Bank |
| Physicians physicians per 1,000 people |
0.17 per 1,000 people | 0.05 per 1,000 people | +0.12 per 1,000 people | 2014 | World Bank |
| Hospital beds beds per 1,000 people |
0.3 per 1,000 people | 0.9 per 1,000 people | −0.6 per 1,000 people | 2014 | World Bank |
| Measles immunisation % of children aged 12 to 23 months |
46% | 64% | −18.0 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Out-of-pocket health spending % of current health expenditure |
27.4% | 30.8% | −3.4 percentage points | 2023 | World Bank |
| Health spending per person current US dollars per person |
US$17 per person | US$22 per person | −22.0% | 2023 | World Bank |
| Diabetes prevalence % of population aged 20 to 79 |
4.6% | 5.8% | −1.2 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Neonatal mortality rate deaths per 1,000 live births |
23.1 per 1,000 live births | 34.2 per 1,000 live births | −11.1 per 1,000 live births | 2024 | World Bank |
| Child stunting % of children under 5 |
49.4% | 25.3% | +24.1 percentage points | 2009 | World Bank |
| Malaria incidence new cases per 1,000 people at risk |
255.5 per 1,000 at risk | 53.3 per 1,000 at risk | +202.2 per 1,000 at risk | 2024 | World Bank |
| Tuberculosis incidence new cases per 100,000 people |
224 per 100,000 people | 151 per 100,000 people | +73 per 100,000 people | 2024 | World Bank |
| HIV incidence new infections per 1,000 uninfected people aged 15 to 49 |
0.53 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 | 0.10 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 | +0.43 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 | 2022 | World Bank |
Internet and digital society
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet users % of population |
18.7% | 27.9% | −9.3 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Mobile subscriptions subscriptions per 100 people |
75 per 100 people | 54 per 100 people | +21 per 100 people | 2023 | World Bank |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions subscriptions per 100 people |
0.1 per 100 people | 0.7 per 100 people | −0.6 per 100 people | 2023 | World Bank |
Business and industry
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New businesses registered new limited liability companies |
2,206 companies | 195 companies | +1,031.3% | 2024 | World Bank |
Trade and investment
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exports share of GDP % of GDP |
21.3% | 29.2% | −7.9 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Imports share of GDP % of GDP |
32.9% | 98.8% | −65.9 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Trade as a share of GDP % of GDP |
54.2% | 128.1% | −73.8 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| Foreign direct investment inflows % of GDP |
4.5% | 6.4% | −1.9 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
Transport and mobility
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road traffic deaths deaths per 100,000 people |
29.2 per 100,000 people | 27.4 per 100,000 people | +1.8 per 100,000 people | 2019 | World Bank |
| Air passengers carried passengers |
544,458 passengers | 34,066 passengers | +1,498.3% | 2019 | World Bank |
Energy and electricity
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Access to electricity % of population |
42.5% | 54.4% | −11.9 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Clean cooking access % of population |
2.0% | 5.0% | −3.0 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Renewable energy share % of total final energy consumption |
83.1% | 95.4% | −12.3 percentage points | 2022 | World Bank |
| Fossil electricity share % of total electricity production |
66.7% | 88.8% | −22.1 percentage points | 2021 | World Bank |
Climate and emissions
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature change °C difference from the 1951 to 1980 average |
1.17 °Ce (Estimated value) | 1.54 °Ce (Estimated value) | −0.37 °C | 2025 | FAOSTAT |
| Agrifood emissions per person tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person |
2.39 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) | 2.02 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) | +17.8% | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Total greenhouse gas emissions million tonnes of CO2 equivalent |
35.8 Mt CO2e | 34.4 Mt CO2e | +4.0% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Greenhouse gas emissions per person tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person |
1.1 t CO2e per person | 1.8 t CO2e per person | −38.2% | 2024 | World Bank |
| CO2 emissions per person tonnes of CO2 per person |
0.15 t CO2 per person | 0.05 t CO2 per person | +221.9% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Methane emissions million tonnes of CO2 equivalent |
25.4 Mt CO2e | 26.9 Mt CO2e | −5.6% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Nitrous oxide emissions million tonnes of CO2 equivalent |
4.72 Mt CO2e | 4.85 Mt CO2e | −2.7% | 2024 | World Bank |
Air quality and ecosystems
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 air pollution micrograms per cubic metre |
10.6 µg/m³ | 16.5 µg/m³ | −35.7% | 2023 | WHO |
| Forest area % of land area |
17.3% | 7.8% | +9.4 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Protected areas % of total territorial area |
5.1% | 0.0% | +5.1 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
| PM2.5 air pollution exposure micrograms per cubic metre |
12.4 µg/m³ | 18.5 µg/m³ | −33.2% | 2023 | World Bank |
| Terrestrial protected areas % of land area |
12.8% | 0.0% | +12.8 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
Water, sanitation and waste
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic drinking water access % of population |
55.3% | 75.3% | −20.0 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Basic sanitation access % of population |
15.4% | 44.5% | −29.1 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Level of water stress % of available freshwater resources |
11.3% | 24.5% | −13.3 percentage points | 2022 | World Bank |
| Renewable internal freshwater per person cubic metres per person |
11,072 m³ per person | 337 m³ per person | +3,185.0% | 2022 | World Bank |
| Safely managed sanitation % of population |
12.8% | 16.4% | −3.6 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
Agriculture, food and fisheries
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pesticide use kg of active ingredients per hectare of cropland |
0.19 kg/hae (Estimated value) | 0.66 kg/hae (Estimated value) | −71.2% | 2024 | FAOSTAT |
| Agriculture share of GDP % of GDP |
26.4% | 51.1% | −24.8 percentage points | 1979 | World Bank |
| Cereal yield kilograms per hectare |
2,393 kg per hectare | 362 kg per hectare | +561.0% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Agricultural land % of land area |
70.4% | 70.3% | 0 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Capture fisheries production metric tonnes |
149,869 tonnes | 97,871 tonnes | +53.1% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Prevalence of undernourishment % of population |
41.8% | 56.5% | −14.7 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Food production index index, 2014 to 2016 = 100 |
110.3 (2014-16 = 100) | 96.2 (2014-16 = 100) | +14.6% | 2024 | World Bank |
| Fertiliser use kilograms per hectare of arable land |
6.9 kg per hectare | 0.1 kg per hectare | +5,222.9% | 2022 | World Bank |
| Land area square kilometres |
581,800 km² | 627,340 km² | −7.3% | 2024 | World Bank |
Government finance and taxation
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tax revenue % of GDP |
10.9% | 2.2% | +8.7 percentage points | 2024 | World Bank |
| Central government expense % of GDP |
11.0% | 6.3% | +4.7 percentage points | 2023 | World Bank |
Science and innovation
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific and technical journal articles articles, fractional count |
153 articles | 152 articles | +1.0% | 2023 | World Bank |
Culture, society and wellbeing
| Measure | Madagascar | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep. | Period | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women in national parliament % of seats in the single or lower chamber |
14.1% | 19.0% | −4.9 percentage points | 2025 | World Bank |
The difference column shows Madagascar compared with Somalia, Fed. Rep.: in percentage points for percentages, in the same unit for rates per population and index values, and in percent for other measures.
Open a measure to see both countries on a chart. All statistics for Madagascar · All statistics for Somalia, Fed. Rep. · Other pairs