Kazakhstan vs Malaysia

Kazakhstan and Malaysia compared on 150 measures that both have. Each pair of values is for the same period, the latest one with data for both countries, so the year can differ from one row to the next.

Where Kazakhstan and Malaysia differ most

  • Fertiliser use, 2024: Kazakhstan 3.8 kg per hectare, Malaysia 1,869.4 kg per hectare (496.1 times as high)
  • Forest area, 2024: Kazakhstan 1.3%, Malaysia 57.7% (44.4 times as high)
  • Population density, 2024: Kazakhstan 7.6 people per km², Malaysia 108.2 people per km² (14.2 times as high)
  • Level of water stress, 2022: Kazakhstan 34.6%, Malaysia 3.4% (10.1 times as high)
  • Alcohol consumption, 2024: Kazakhstan 4.56 litres, Malaysia 0.66 litres (7.0 times as high)

Measures where one value is the largest multiple of the other, among measures with positive values. Totals such as population, index values and growth rates are left out, because their size says little about the difference.

Population and ageing

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Population estimates and projections
people
20,330,104 people 35,126,298 people −42.1% 2023 UN Population Division
Median age estimates and projections
years
29.5 years 30.1 years −2.0% 2023 UN Population Division
Fertility rate estimates and projections
live births per woman
3.01 births per woman 1.55 births per woman +94.3% 2023 UN Population Division
Population growth estimates and projections
% per year
1.32% 1.24% +0.08 percentage points 2023 UN Population Division
Population
people
20,843,754 people 35,977,838 people −42.1% 2025 World Bank
Population growth
annual % change
1.21% 1.17% +0.04 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
% of total population
9.0% 8.0% +1.0 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
% of total population
29.1% 21.3% +7.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Fertility rate
births per woman
2.98 births per woman 1.54 births per woman +93.4% 2024 World Bank
Crude birth rate
births per 1,000 people
19.5 per 1,000 people 12.4 per 1,000 people +7.2 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Crude death rate
deaths per 1,000 people
6.7 per 1,000 people 5.3 per 1,000 people +1.4 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Urban population share
% of total population
62.4% 77.4% −15.0 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Adolescent birth rate
births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19
17.4 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 5.7 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 +11.7 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 World Bank
Age dependency ratio
dependants per 100 people aged 15 to 64
61.7 per 100 working-age people 41.5 per 100 working-age people +20.1 per 100 working-age people 2025 World Bank
Population density
people per square kilometre of land
7.6 people per km² 108.2 people per km² −93.0% 2024 World Bank
Urban population growth
annual % change
1.72% 1.79% −0.08 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Migration and citizenship

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Net migration estimates and projections
per 1,000 people
-0.2 per 1,000 people 5.2 per 1,000 people −5.4 per 1,000 people 2023 UN Population Division
Net migration
people
-8,834 people 166,615 people −175,449 people 2025 World Bank
International migrant stock
% of population
10.1% 10.7% −0.6 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Personal remittances received
% of GDP
0.1% 1.9% −1.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Employment and occupations

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the unemployment rate
% of the labour force aged 15 and over
4.8% 3.8% +1.0 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
ILO estimate of youth unemployment
% of the labour force aged 15 to 24
3.8% 12.0% −8.1 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Labour force participation
% of working-age population aged 15 and over
67.8% 66.1% +1.6 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Women's labour force participation
% of women aged 15 and over
62.6% 51.6% +11.0 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment-to-population ratio
% of population aged 15 and over
64.5% 63.6% +0.9 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment in agriculture
% of total employment
11.3% 9.2% +2.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in industry
% of total employment
19.9% 26.0% −6.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in services
% of total employment
68.8% 64.9% +3.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Economy and productivity

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
GDP in US dollars
current US dollars
US$306.2 billion US$472.2 billion −35.1% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita in US dollars
current US dollars per person
US$14,692 per person US$13,125 per person +11.9% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita, PPP
constant 2021 international dollars per person
Int$37,851 per person Int$35,461 per person +6.7% 2025 World Bank
GNI per capita, Atlas method
current US dollars per person
US$13,740 per person US$12,380 per person +11.0% 2025 World Bank
Real GDP growth
annual % change
6.5% 5.2% +1.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Services share of GDP
% of GDP
57.7% 54.8% +2.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Investment share of GDP
% of GDP
27.2% 22.0% +5.3 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Savings share of GDP
% of GDP
29.0% 23.4% +5.6 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Household consumption per person
constant 2015 US dollars per person
US$6,789 per person US$7,208 per person −5.8% 2024 World Bank

Prices and purchasing power

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Consumer price inflation
annual % change
11.4% 1.4% +10.0 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Consumer price index
index, 2010 = 100
347.9 (2010 = 100) 134.6 (2010 = 100) +213.3 points 2025 World Bank
Inflation measured by the GDP deflator
annual % change
9.6% -0.4% +10.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Exchange rate to the US dollar
local currency units per US dollar, annual average
521.035 per US$ 4.284 per US$ +12,061.1% 2025 World Bank

Housing and households

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Slum population
% of urban population
0.8% 0.2% +0.6 percentage points 2020 World Bank

Education and skills

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate
% of youth aged 15 to 24
7.8% 10.3% −2.5 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Out-of-school children
% of children of primary school age
6.4% 12.0% −5.6 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school adolescents
% of adolescents of lower secondary school age
4.3% 18.0% −13.6 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school youth
% of youth of upper secondary school age
0.8% 34.9% −34.1 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Primary net enrolment
% of children of primary school age
93.6% 88.0% +5.6 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Qualified primary teachers
% of primary teachers
100.0% 94.0% +6.0 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Education share of public spending
% of total government expenditure
20.8% 14.1% +6.7 percentage points 2023 UNESCO UIS
Education spending
% of GDP
4.9% 3.5% +1.3 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Primary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official primary school-age population
97.5% 90.4% +7.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tertiary education enrolment (gross)
% of the population in the five years after secondary school age
53.5% 38.5% +15.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Primary school completion rate
% of the relevant age group
94.4% 87.7% +6.7 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Secondary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official secondary school-age population
97.2% 80.3% +16.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Health and healthcare

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Life expectancy estimates and projections
years
74.4 years 76.7 years −2.9% 2023 UN Population Division
Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections
years
16.3 years 17.6 years −7.6% 2023 UN Population Division
Healthy life expectancy
years
64.6 years 65.5 years −1.4% 2023 WHO
UHC service coverage
index from 0 to 100
83 80 +3 points 2023 WHO
Alcohol consumption
litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15+
4.56 litres 0.66 litres +595.5% 2024 WHO
Adult obesity
% of adults aged 18+
21.1% 23.3% −2.2 percentage points 2024 WHO
Hypertension
% of adults aged 30 to 79
41.9% 40.8% +1.1 percentage points 2019 WHO
Suicide rate
deaths per 100,000 people
18.2 per 100,000 people 5.0 per 100,000 people +13.2 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Premature NCD mortality
% probability
19.5% 19.5% same 2023 WHO
Physical inactivity
% of adults aged 18+
28.4% 39.2% −10.7 percentage points 2022 WHO
DTP3 immunisation
% of one-year-olds
54% 95% −41.0 percentage points 2025 WHO
Anaemia in women
% of women aged 15 to 49
30.5% 31.3% −0.8 percentage points 2023 WHO
Poisoning deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
1.6 per 100,000 people 0.7 per 100,000 people +0.9 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Nurses and midwives
per 10,000 people
66.1 per 10,000 people 40.3 per 10,000 people +25.8 per 10,000 people 2024 WHO
Dentists
per 10,000 people
2.25 per 10,000 people 4.87 per 10,000 people −2.62 per 10,000 people 2024 WHO
Life expectancy at birth
years
74.5 years 76.8 years −3.0% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, women
years
78.5 years 79.5 years −1.3% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, men
years
70.3 years 74.4 years −5.6% 2024 World Bank
Health spending share of GDP
% of GDP
3.8% 4.0% −0.2 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Under-five mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
9.4 per 1,000 live births 8.3 per 1,000 live births +1.1 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Infant mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
7.4 per 1,000 live births 7.0 per 1,000 live births +0.4 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
10 per 100,000 live births 26 per 100,000 live births −16 per 100,000 live births 2023 World Bank
Physicians
physicians per 1,000 people
3.75 per 1,000 people 2.34 per 1,000 people +1.41 per 1,000 people 2023 World Bank
Hospital beds
beds per 1,000 people
6.5 per 1,000 people 1.9 per 1,000 people +4.6 per 1,000 people 2020 World Bank
Measles immunisation
% of children aged 12 to 23 months
93% 96% −3.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tobacco use
% of adults aged 15 and over
21.1% 16.9% +4.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Out-of-pocket health spending
% of current health expenditure
27.6% 37.1% −9.5 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Health spending per person
current US dollars per person
US$490 per person US$450 per person +8.7% 2023 World Bank
Diabetes prevalence
% of population aged 20 to 79
6.8% 21.1% −14.3 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Neonatal mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
3.9 per 1,000 live births 4.3 per 1,000 live births −0.4 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Child stunting
% of children under 5
8.0% 17.8% −9.8 percentage points 2015 World Bank
Malaria incidence
new cases per 1,000 people at risk
0.0 per 1,000 at risk 0.0 per 1,000 at risk same 2024 World Bank
Tuberculosis incidence
new cases per 100,000 people
45 per 100,000 people 96 per 100,000 people −51 per 100,000 people 2024 World Bank
HIV incidence
new infections per 1,000 uninfected people aged 15 to 49
0.21 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 0.13 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 +0.08 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2024 World Bank

Internet and digital society

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Internet users
% of population
93.4% 98.0% −4.6 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Mobile subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
127 per 100 people 140 per 100 people −13 per 100 people 2024 World Bank
Fixed broadband subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
15.3 per 100 people 13.5 per 100 people +1.8 per 100 people 2024 World Bank

Business and industry

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Industry share of GDP
% of GDP
32.3% 35.7% −3.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank
New businesses registered
new limited liability companies
42,707 companies 59,611 companies −28.4% 2024 World Bank
Medium and high-tech manufacturing
% of manufacturing value added
21.6% 44.8% −23.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Manufacturing share of GDP
% of GDP
12.7% 22.1% −9.4 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Trade and investment

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Exports share of GDP
% of GDP
31.6% 71.3% −39.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Imports share of GDP
% of GDP
25.6% 66.0% −40.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Trade as a share of GDP
% of GDP
57.2% 137.4% −80.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Foreign direct investment inflows
% of GDP
-0.3% 4.6% −4.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Current account balance
% of GDP
-4.1% 1.6% −5.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
High-technology exports
% of manufactured exports
42.2% 58.6% −16.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Transport and mobility

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Road traffic deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
12.7 per 100,000 people 22.5 per 100,000 people −9.8 per 100,000 people 2019 World Bank
Air passengers carried
passengers
11,884,241 passengers 46,698,381 passengers −74.6% 2023 World Bank

Energy and electricity

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Access to electricity
% of population
100.0% 100.0% same 2024 World Bank
Clean cooking access
% of population
96.0% 100.0% −4.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Renewable energy share
% of total final energy consumption
2.0% 7.5% −5.5 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Fossil electricity share
% of total electricity production
85.9% 79.9% +5.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Net energy imports
% of energy use
-112.4% 8.5% −120.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Climate and emissions

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Temperature change
°C difference from the 1951 to 1980 average
3.29 °Ce (Estimated value) 1.25 °Ce (Estimated value) +2.05 °C 2025 FAOSTAT
Agrifood emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
3.57 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) 5.18 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) −31.0% 2024 FAOSTAT
Total greenhouse gas emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
330.4 Mt CO2e 332.2 Mt CO2e −0.5% 2024 World Bank
Greenhouse gas emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
16.0 t CO2e per person 9.3 t CO2e per person +71.8% 2024 World Bank
CO2 emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 per person
12.57 t CO2 per person 8.32 t CO2 per person +51.0% 2024 World Bank
Methane emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
57.3 Mt CO2e 26.3 Mt CO2e +118.0% 2024 World Bank
Nitrous oxide emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
10.47 Mt CO2e 7.45 Mt CO2e +40.6% 2024 World Bank

Air quality and ecosystems

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
PM2.5 air pollution
micrograms per cubic metre
16.5 µg/m³ 17.6 µg/m³ −6.3% 2023 WHO
Forest area
% of land area
1.3% 57.7% −56.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Protected areas
% of total territorial area
11.8% 8.4% +3.4 percentage points 2025 World Bank
PM2.5 air pollution exposure
micrograms per cubic metre
19.6 µg/m³ 15.9 µg/m³ +23.5% 2023 World Bank
Terrestrial protected areas
% of land area
10.1% 13.3% −3.2 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Water, sanitation and waste

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Basic drinking water access
% of population
97.8% 97.9% −0.1 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Safely managed drinking water
% of population
91.5% 94.7% −3.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Basic sanitation access
% of population
97.9% 96.0% +1.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Level of water stress
% of available freshwater resources
34.6% 3.4% +31.2 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Renewable internal freshwater per person
cubic metres per person
3,212 m³ per person 16,717 m³ per person −80.8% 2022 World Bank

Agriculture, food and fisheries

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Cost of a healthy diet
international dollars (PPP) per person per day
Int$3.07 per person per daye (Estimated value) Int$4.42 per person per daye (Estimated value) −30.5% 2025 FAOSTAT
Healthy diet unaffordable
% of the population
3.4%e (Estimated value) 1.4%e (Estimated value) +2.0 percentage points 2025 FAOSTAT
Pesticide use
kg of active ingredients per hectare of cropland
0.29 kg/hae (Estimated value) 2.73 kg/hae (Estimated value) −89.4% 2024 FAOSTAT
Nitrogen fertiliser use
kg of nitrogen (N) per hectare of cropland
2.3 kg/hae (Estimated value) 55.9 kg/hae (Estimated value) −95.9% 2024 FAOSTAT
Agriculture share of GDP
% of GDP
3.7% 8.2% −4.5 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Cereal yield
kilograms per hectare
1,530 kg per hectare 3,544 kg per hectare −56.8% 2024 World Bank
Agricultural land
% of land area
79.2% 24.8% +54.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Capture fisheries production
metric tonnes
45,025 tonnes 1,405,587 tonnes −96.8% 2024 World Bank
Prevalence of undernourishment
% of population
2.5% 2.5% same 2024 World Bank
Food production index
index, 2014 to 2016 = 100
134.4 (2014-16 = 100) 105.2 (2014-16 = 100) +27.8% 2024 World Bank
Fertiliser use
kilograms per hectare of arable land
3.8 kg per hectare 1,869.4 kg per hectare −99.8% 2024 World Bank
Land area
square kilometres
2,699,700 km² 328,550 km² +721.7% 2024 World Bank

Poverty and social protection

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Gini index
Gini index, 0 to 100
29.2 (0 to 100) 40.7 (0 to 100) −11.5 points 2021 World Bank
Income share held by the richest 10%
% of total income or consumption
24.8% 30.9% −6.1 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Extreme poverty rate
% of population
0.0% 0.0% same 2021 World Bank
Poverty rate at national poverty lines
% of population
5.2% 5.1% +0.1 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP)
% of population
0.3% 0.1% +0.2 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP)
% of population
15.2% 2.9% +12.3 percentage points 2021 World Bank

Government finance and taxation

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Tax revenue
% of GDP
11.9% 12.6% −0.7 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Central government expense
% of GDP
17.4% 17.0% +0.4 percentage points 2023 World Bank

Science and innovation

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
R&D spending share of GDP
% of GDP
0.12% 1.01% −0.89 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Researchers per million people
researchers per million people
662 per million people 1,218 per million people −557 per million people 2022 World Bank
Scientific and technical journal articles
articles, fractional count
3,819 articles 23,691 articles −83.9% 2023 World Bank

Crime, justice and public safety

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Intentional homicides
victims per 100,000 people
2.6 per 100,000 people 0.7 per 100,000 people +1.9 per 100,000 people 2022 World Bank

Culture, society and wellbeing

MeasureKazakhstanMalaysiaKazakhstan compared with MalaysiaPeriodSource
Women in national parliament
% of seats in the single or lower chamber
18.4% 13.5% +4.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank

The difference column shows Kazakhstan compared with Malaysia: in percentage points for percentages, in the same unit for rates per population and index values, and in percent for other measures.

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