Ethiopia vs Tanzania

Ethiopia and Tanzania compared on 150 measures that both have. Each pair of values is for the same period, the latest one with data for both countries, so the year can differ from one row to the next.

Where Ethiopia and Tanzania differ most

Measures where one value is the largest multiple of the other, among measures with positive values. Totals such as population, index values and growth rates are left out, because their size says little about the difference.

Population and ageing

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Population estimates and projections
people
128,691,692 people 66,617,606 people +93.2% 2023 UN Population Division
Median age estimates and projections
years
18.7 years 17.2 years +8.7% 2023 UN Population Division
Fertility rate estimates and projections
live births per woman
3.99 births per woman 4.61 births per woman −13.4% 2023 UN Population Division
Population growth estimates and projections
% per year
2.59% 2.88% −0.30 percentage points 2023 UN Population Division
Population
people
135,472,051 people 70,545,865 people +92.0% 2025 World Bank
Population growth
annual % change
2.55% 2.86% −0.30 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
% of total population
3.3% 3.0% +0.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
% of total population
38.8% 42.3% −3.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Fertility rate
births per woman
3.91 births per woman 4.54 births per woman −13.9% 2024 World Bank
Crude birth rate
births per 1,000 people
31.5 per 1,000 people 34.8 per 1,000 people −3.3 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Crude death rate
deaths per 1,000 people
5.9 per 1,000 people 5.7 per 1,000 people +0.2 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Urban population share
% of total population
24.1% 36.9% −12.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Adolescent birth rate
births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19
68.2 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 112.6 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 −44.4 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 World Bank
Age dependency ratio
dependants per 100 people aged 15 to 64
72.6 per 100 working-age people 83.1 per 100 working-age people −10.5 per 100 working-age people 2025 World Bank
Population density
people per square kilometre of land
117.7 people per km² 77.6 people per km² +51.7% 2024 World Bank
Urban population growth
annual % change
4.59% 4.81% −0.22 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Migration and citizenship

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Net migration estimates and projections
per 1,000 people
-0.1 per 1,000 people -0.6 per 1,000 people +0.5 per 1,000 people 2023 UN Population Division
Net migration
people
24,054 people -12,730 people +36,784 people 2025 World Bank
International migrant stock
% of population
0.9% 0.7% +0.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Personal remittances received
% of GDP
4.8% 1.4% +3.3 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Employment and occupations

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the unemployment rate
% of the labour force aged 15 and over
3.3% 1.6% +1.8 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
ILO estimate of youth unemployment
% of the labour force aged 15 to 24
5.4% 2.4% +3.0 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Labour force participation
% of working-age population aged 15 and over
68.5% 83.7% −15.3 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Women's labour force participation
% of women aged 15 and over
58.5% 80.3% −21.8 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment-to-population ratio
% of population aged 15 and over
66.2% 82.4% −16.2 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment in agriculture
% of total employment
60.1% 64.6% −4.4 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in industry
% of total employment
6.4% 8.1% −1.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in services
% of total employment
33.4% 27.3% +6.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Economy and productivity

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
GDP in US dollars
current US dollars
US$126.4 billion US$90.1 billion +40.2% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita in US dollars
current US dollars per person
US$933 per person US$1,319 per person −29.3% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita, PPP
constant 2021 international dollars per person
Int$3,095 per person Int$3,821 per person −19.0% 2025 World Bank
GNI per capita, Atlas method
current US dollars per person
US$1,110 per person US$1,270 per person −12.6% 2025 World Bank
Real GDP growth
annual % change
9.8% 5.9% +3.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Services share of GDP
% of GDP
36.6% 28.8% +7.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Investment share of GDP
% of GDP
20.1% 40.7% −20.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Savings share of GDP
% of GDP
19.7% 36.5% −16.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Household consumption per person
constant 2015 US dollars per person
US$672 per person US$601 per person +11.7% 2025 World Bank

Prices and purchasing power

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Consumer price inflation
annual % change
13.2% 3.3% +9.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Consumer price index
index, 2010 = 100
1,176.5 (2010 = 100) 231.5 (2010 = 100) +944.9 points 2025 World Bank
Inflation measured by the GDP deflator
annual % change
16.7% 5.1% +11.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Exchange rate to the US dollar
local currency units per US dollar, annual average
82.601 per US$ 2,597.900 per US$ −96.8% 2024 World Bank

Housing and households

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Slum population
% of urban population
64.3% 70.1% −5.8 percentage points 2022 World Bank

Education and skills

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate
% of youth aged 15 to 24
17.2% 11.1% +6.1 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Primary completion (UIS)
% of children 3 to 5 years above the final primary grade age
54.4% 74.5% −20.0 percentage points 2022 UNESCO UIS
Lower secondary completion
% of young people 3 to 5 years above the final grade age
30.4% 28.0% +2.4 percentage points 2022 UNESCO UIS
Upper secondary completion
% of young people 3 to 5 years above the final grade age
17.6% 8.9% +8.7 percentage points 2022 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school children
% of children of primary school age
22.5% 16.4% +6.1 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school adolescents
% of adolescents of lower secondary school age
54.8% 51.0% +3.8 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school youth
% of youth of upper secondary school age
73.3% 85.0% −11.7 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Primary net enrolment
% of children of primary school age
77.5% 83.6% −6.1 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Youth literacy
% of people aged 15 to 24
84.7% 87.1% −2.4 percentage points 2022 UNESCO UIS
Qualified primary teachers
% of primary teachers
56.8% 96.6% −39.8 percentage points 2012 UNESCO UIS
Education share of public spending
% of total government expenditure
16.7% 13.4% +3.3 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Education spending
% of GDP
2.3% 3.2% −0.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Primary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official primary school-age population
84.4% 92.7% −8.3 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tertiary education enrolment (gross)
% of the population in the five years after secondary school age
7.6% 4.0% +3.7 percentage points 2012 World Bank
Adult literacy rate
% of people aged 15 and above
60.5% 78.2% −17.8 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Primary school completion rate
% of the relevant age group
54.4% 77.3% −22.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Secondary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official secondary school-age population
33.9% 26.1% +7.8 percentage points 2015 World Bank

Health and healthcare

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Life expectancy estimates and projections
years
67.3 years 67.0 years +0.5% 2023 UN Population Division
Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections
years
14.6 years 14.7 years −0.8% 2023 UN Population Division
Healthy life expectancy
years
59.6 years 59.2 years +0.7% 2023 WHO
UHC service coverage
index from 0 to 100
33 49 −16 points 2023 WHO
Alcohol consumption
litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15+
1.21 litres 1.29 litres −5.7% 2024 WHO
Adult obesity
% of adults aged 18+
2.9% 11.5% −8.6 percentage points 2024 WHO
Hypertension
% of adults aged 30 to 79
27.4% 33.2% −5.8 percentage points 2019 WHO
Suicide rate
deaths per 100,000 people
14.4 per 100,000 people 14.9 per 100,000 people −0.5 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Premature NCD mortality
% probability
16.7% 18.0% −1.3 percentage points 2023 WHO
Physical inactivity
% of adults aged 18+
8.0% 3.5% +4.5 percentage points 2022 WHO
DTP3 immunisation
% of one-year-olds
81% 83% −2.0 percentage points 2025 WHO
Anaemia in women
% of women aged 15 to 49
23.1% 38.8% −15.7 percentage points 2023 WHO
Poisoning deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
1.9 per 100,000 people 1.0 per 100,000 people +0.9 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Nurses and midwives
per 10,000 people
10.9 per 10,000 people 2.6 per 10,000 people +8.3 per 10,000 people 2024 WHO
Dentists
per 10,000 people
0.28 per 10,000 people 0.12 per 10,000 people +0.16 per 10,000 people 2022 WHO
Life expectancy at birth
years
67.6 years 67.2 years +0.6% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, women
years
71.0 years 70.0 years +1.5% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, men
years
64.4 years 64.4 years −0.1% 2024 World Bank
Health spending share of GDP
% of GDP
2.8% 3.1% −0.2 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Under-five mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
44.5 per 1,000 live births 37.0 per 1,000 live births +7.5 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Infant mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
34.5 per 1,000 live births 28.7 per 1,000 live births +5.8 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
195 per 100,000 live births 276 per 100,000 live births −81 per 100,000 live births 2023 World Bank
Physicians
physicians per 1,000 people
0.11 per 1,000 people 0.13 per 1,000 people −0.03 per 1,000 people 2022 World Bank
Hospital beds
beds per 1,000 people
0.3 per 1,000 people 0.5 per 1,000 people −0.1 per 1,000 people 2016 World Bank
Measles immunisation
% of children aged 12 to 23 months
72% 84% −12.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tobacco use
% of adults aged 15 and over
5.2% 7.7% −2.5 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Out-of-pocket health spending
% of current health expenditure
46.3% 27.9% +18.3 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Health spending per person
current US dollars per person
US$35 per person US$36 per person −4.0% 2023 World Bank
Diabetes prevalence
% of population aged 20 to 79
4.4% 9.8% −5.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Neonatal mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
25.2 per 1,000 live births 19.9 per 1,000 live births +5.3 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Child stunting
% of children under 5
40.4% 34.7% +5.7 percentage points 2014 World Bank
Malaria incidence
new cases per 1,000 people at risk
138.5 per 1,000 at risk 136.7 per 1,000 at risk +1.8 per 1,000 at risk 2024 World Bank
Tuberculosis incidence
new cases per 100,000 people
141 per 100,000 people 172 per 100,000 people −31 per 100,000 people 2024 World Bank
HIV incidence
new infections per 1,000 uninfected people aged 15 to 49
0.12 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 1.10 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 −0.98 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2024 World Bank

Internet and digital society

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Internet users
% of population
21.9% 31.2% −9.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Mobile subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
65 per 100 people 127 per 100 people −61 per 100 people 2024 World Bank
Fixed broadband subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
0.6 per 100 people 0.2 per 100 people +0.3 per 100 people 2024 World Bank

Business and industry

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Industry share of GDP
% of GDP
27.8% 29.8% −2.0 percentage points 2025 World Bank
New businesses registered
new limited liability companies
10,935 companies 5,276 companies +107.3% 2018 World Bank
Medium and high-tech manufacturing
% of manufacturing value added
16.1% 6.6% +9.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Manufacturing share of GDP
% of GDP
4.5% 8.4% −3.9 percentage points 2023 World Bank

Trade and investment

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Exports share of GDP
% of GDP
13.3% 19.0% −5.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Imports share of GDP
% of GDP
20.2% 20.0% +0.2 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Trade as a share of GDP
% of GDP
33.5% 39.0% −5.5 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Foreign direct investment inflows
% of GDP
3.0% 1.9% +1.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Current account balance
% of GDP
-2.5% -3.0% +0.5 percentage points 2024 World Bank
High-technology exports
% of manufactured exports
3.8% 5.1% −1.3 percentage points 2023 World Bank

Transport and mobility

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Road traffic deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
28.2 per 100,000 people 31.1 per 100,000 people −2.9 per 100,000 people 2019 World Bank
Air passengers carried
passengers
15,273,254 passengers 1,911,063 passengers +699.2% 2023 World Bank

Energy and electricity

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Access to electricity
% of population
56.6% 52.4% +4.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Clean cooking access
% of population
7.0% 11.0% −4.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Renewable energy share
% of total final energy consumption
90.6% 78.3% +12.3 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Fossil electricity share
% of total electricity production
0.0% 53.2% −53.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Net energy imports
% of energy use
10.3% 15.1% −4.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Climate and emissions

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Temperature change
°C difference from the 1951 to 1980 average
1.39 °Ce (Estimated value) 1.06 °Ce (Estimated value) +0.33 °C 2025 FAOSTAT
Agrifood emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
1.41 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) 2.93 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) −51.9% 2024 FAOSTAT
Total greenhouse gas emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
192.7 Mt CO2e 102.5 Mt CO2e +88.0% 2024 World Bank
Greenhouse gas emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
1.5 t CO2e per person 1.5 t CO2e per person −2.4% 2024 World Bank
CO2 emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 per person
0.15 t CO2 per person 0.31 t CO2 per person −52.9% 2024 World Bank
Methane emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
131.6 Mt CO2e 59.7 Mt CO2e +120.4% 2024 World Bank
Nitrous oxide emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
41.70 Mt CO2e 21.47 Mt CO2e +94.2% 2024 World Bank

Air quality and ecosystems

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
PM2.5 air pollution
micrograms per cubic metre
21.8 µg/m³ 14.3 µg/m³ +52.1% 2023 WHO
Forest area
% of land area
23.8% 49.6% −25.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Protected areas
% of total territorial area
17.0% 32.3% −15.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank
PM2.5 air pollution exposure
micrograms per cubic metre
23.8 µg/m³ 20.2 µg/m³ +18.0% 2023 World Bank
Terrestrial protected areas
% of land area
17.0% 39.9% −22.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Water, sanitation and waste

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Basic drinking water access
% of population
55.6% 64.6% −9.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Safely managed drinking water
% of population
13.5% 31.3% −17.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Basic sanitation access
% of population
10.4% 37.2% −26.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Level of water stress
% of available freshwater resources
32.3% 13.0% +19.3 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Renewable internal freshwater per person
cubic metres per person
973 m³ per person 1,298 m³ per person −25.0% 2022 World Bank
Safely managed sanitation
% of population
8.1% 28.5% −20.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Agriculture, food and fisheries

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Cost of a healthy diet
international dollars (PPP) per person per day
Int$4.75 per person per daye (Estimated value) Int$3.53 per person per daye (Estimated value) +34.6% 2025 FAOSTAT
Healthy diet unaffordable
% of the population
67.9%e (Estimated value) 73.0%e (Estimated value) −5.1 percentage points 2025 FAOSTAT
Pesticide use
kg of active ingredients per hectare of cropland
0.22 kg/hae (Estimated value) 0.00 kg/hae (Estimated value) +0.22 kg/ha 2024 FAOSTAT
Nitrogen fertiliser use
kg of nitrogen (N) per hectare of cropland
29.7 kg/hae (Estimated value) 9.9 kg/hae (Estimated value) +200.1% 2024 FAOSTAT
Agriculture share of GDP
% of GDP
32.8% 22.9% +9.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Cereal yield
kilograms per hectare
2,632 kg per hectare 1,872 kg per hectare +40.6% 2024 World Bank
Agricultural land
% of land area
34.3% 45.1% −10.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Capture fisheries production
metric tonnes
255,001 tonnes 530,933 tonnes −52.0% 2024 World Bank
Prevalence of undernourishment
% of population
19.9% 19.1% +0.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Food production index
index, 2014 to 2016 = 100
119.3 (2014-16 = 100) 129.1 (2014-16 = 100) −7.6% 2024 World Bank
Fertiliser use
kilograms per hectare of arable land
45.4 kg per hectare 17.7 kg per hectare +155.9% 2024 World Bank
Land area
square kilometres
1,122,135 km² 884,000 km² +26.9% 2024 World Bank

Government finance and taxation

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Tax revenue
% of GDP
3.4% 12.3% −8.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Central government expense
% of GDP
6.1% 17.0% −10.9 percentage points 2023 World Bank

Science and innovation

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
R&D spending share of GDP
% of GDP
0.60% 0.51% +0.09 percentage points 2013 World Bank
Researchers per million people
researchers per million people
44 per million people 19 per million people +25 per million people 2013 World Bank
Scientific and technical journal articles
articles, fractional count
6,728 articles 1,453 articles +363.2% 2023 World Bank

Crime, justice and public safety

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Intentional homicides
victims per 100,000 people
8.5 per 100,000 people 8.6 per 100,000 people −0.1 per 100,000 people 2012 World Bank

Culture, society and wellbeing

MeasureEthiopiaTanzaniaEthiopia compared with TanzaniaPeriodSource
Women in national parliament
% of seats in the single or lower chamber
41.9% 39.5% +2.4 percentage points 2025 World Bank

The difference column shows Ethiopia compared with Tanzania: in percentage points for percentages, in the same unit for rates per population and index values, and in percent for other measures.

Open a measure to see both countries on a chart. All statistics for Ethiopia · All statistics for Tanzania · Other pairs