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Cultural employment

People working in cultural occupations or in cultural sectors such as publishing, film, broadcasting, design, libraries and museums, as a share of all employed people.

Unit: % of total employment Frequency: Annual Coverage: 36 countries and 1 group 2011 to 2025 Source: Eurostat
Highest in 2025 5.7% Netherlands Lowest in 2025 1.8% Romania
European Union, 2025 4.3% Official aggregate published by the source
Countries ranked for 2025 34 Updated by the source on 1 July 2026

34 countries have a value for 2025, the latest period in the data.

Trend over time

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Places
4 selected
Groups and aggregates
Countries
European Union × Germany × France × Spain ×

% of total employment. Source: Eurostat. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.

Cultural employment (% of total employment), 2011 to 2025
Period European UnionGermanyFranceSpain
2025 4.3% 4.4% 4.8%d (definition differs (see metadata)) 4.2%d (definition differs (see metadata))
2024 4.2% 4.3% 4.7%bd (break in time series, definition differs (see metadata)) 4.2%d (definition differs (see metadata))
2023 4.2% 4.4% 4.5%d (definition differs (see metadata)) 4.1%d (definition differs (see metadata))
2022 4.2% 4.5% 4.5%d (definition differs (see metadata)) 4.0%d (definition differs (see metadata))
2021 4.2%b (break in time series) 4.4%b (break in time series) 4.4%bd (break in time series, definition differs (see metadata)) 4.1%bd (break in time series, definition differs (see metadata))
2020 4.1% 4.3%b (break in time series) 4.1% 3.9%
2019 4.1% 4.4% 4.0% 4.0%
2018 4.1% 4.4% 4.0% 3.9%
2017 4.1% 4.4% 3.9% 4.1%
2016 4.0% 4.5% 3.7% 4.0%
2015 4.0% 4.6% 3.7% 3.9%
2014 4.0% 4.6% 3.9%b (break in time series) 3.8%
2013 4.1% 4.7% 4.0%b (break in time series) 3.7%
2012 4.1% 4.8%b (break in time series) 3.8% 3.6%
2011 3.9% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5%

Flags: b break in time series; bd break in time series, definition differs (see metadata); d definition differs (see metadata) . A dash means no value was published.

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In short

  • Among the 34 countries with a value for 2025, the highest is Netherlands (5.7%) and the lowest Romania (1.8%).
  • Half of the countries are above 4.4% and half below.
  • From 2024 to 2025 the value rose in 16 countries and fell in 7.
  • The figure for the European Union was 4.3% in 2025, against 4.1% in 2020 (+0.2 percentage points). The source marks a break in the series during this period, so part of the change may come from a change in method.

About this measure

Definition
People working in cultural occupations or in cultural sectors such as publishing, film, broadcasting, design, libraries and museums, as a share of all employed people.
Population covered
Employed people aged 15 to 74
Unit
% of total employment
Frequency
Annual
Changes are shown as
Percentage points (the difference between two rates)

Source and dates

Original producer
Eurostat
Source
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union
Dataset or series code
cult_emp_sex · dataset details · view at source
Selection
freq=A sex=T unit=PC_EMP
Observation period
2011 to 2025
Provider update
1 July 2026
Retrieved
9 November 2026
Published here
9 November 2026
Licence
Eurostat reuse policy (attribution)
Attribution
Source: Eurostat

All countries in 2025 Every value is for 2025, so the countries are compared at the same point in time.

  1. 1 Netherlands 5.7%
  2. 2 Estonia 5.3%
  3. 3 Malta 5.1%
  4. 4 Switzerland 5.0%
  5. 5 France 4.8%d (definition differs (see metadata))
  6. 6 Latvia 4.8%
  7. 7 Lithuania 4.8%
  8. 8 Slovenia 4.8%
  9. 9 Sweden 4.8%
  10. 10 Austria 4.6%
  11. 11 Czechia 4.6%
  12. 12 Denmark 4.6%
  13. 13 Finland 4.6%
  14. 14 Luxembourg 4.6%
  15. 15 Iceland 4.5%
  16. 16 Belgium 4.4%
  17. 17 Germany 4.4%
  18. 18 Hungary 4.4%
  19. 19 Norway 4.4%
  20. 20 Cyprus 4.3%
  21. 21 Portugal 4.3%
  22. 22 Serbia 4.2%
  23. 23 Spain 4.2%d (definition differs (see metadata))
  24. 24 North Macedonia 4.1%
  25. 25 Croatia 4.0%
  26. 26 Italy 3.9%
  27. 27 Poland 3.9%
  28. 28 Bulgaria 3.6%
  29. 29 Greece 3.5%
  30. 30 Ireland 3.4%
  31. 31 Slovakia 3.3%
  32. 32 Türkiye 3.0%
  33. 33 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.9%
  34. 34 Romania 1.8%
  35. European Union 4.3%
Below the line: groups and aggregates, not ranked. View as map Ranking page with top and bottom ten

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Culture, society and wellbeing

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Map

Grey: no value for 2025. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.