Nepal vs Zambia

Nepal and Zambia compared on 152 measures that both have. Each pair of values is for the same period, the latest one with data for both countries, so the year can differ from one row to the next.

Where Nepal and Zambia differ most

Measures where one value is the largest multiple of the other, among measures with positive values. Totals such as population, index values and growth rates are left out, because their size says little about the difference.

Population and ageing

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Population estimates and projections
people
29,694,614 people 20,723,965 people +43.3% 2023 UN Population Division
Median age estimates and projections
years
24.7 years 17.5 years +41.1% 2023 UN Population Division
Fertility rate estimates and projections
live births per woman
1.98 births per woman 4.10 births per woman −51.6% 2023 UN Population Division
Population growth estimates and projections
% per year
-0.14% 2.83% −2.97 percentage points 2023 UN Population Division
Population
people
29,618,118 people 21,913,874 people +35.2% 2025 World Bank
Population growth
annual % change
-0.11% 2.77% −2.88 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 65 and over
% of total population
6.6% 2.0% +4.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Population aged 0 to 14
% of total population
28.1% 41.0% −12.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Fertility rate
births per woman
1.96 births per woman 4.04 births per woman −51.4% 2024 World Bank
Crude birth rate
births per 1,000 people
19.0 per 1,000 people 32.7 per 1,000 people −13.8 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Crude death rate
deaths per 1,000 people
7.0 per 1,000 people 5.2 per 1,000 people +1.8 per 1,000 people 2024 World Bank
Urban population share
% of total population
67.0% 45.9% +21.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Adolescent birth rate
births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19
66.5 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 115.5 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 −49.0 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 2024 World Bank
Age dependency ratio
dependants per 100 people aged 15 to 64
53.1 per 100 working-age people 75.3 per 100 working-age people −22.3 per 100 working-age people 2025 World Bank
Population density
people per square kilometre of land
206.8 people per km² 28.7 people per km² +621.4% 2024 World Bank
Urban population growth
annual % change
0.23% 3.75% −3.52 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Migration and citizenship

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Net migration estimates and projections
per 1,000 people
-13.8 per 1,000 people 0.5 per 1,000 people −14.3 per 1,000 people 2023 UN Population Division
Net migration
people
-364,699 people 6,562 people −371,261 people 2025 World Bank
International migrant stock
% of population
1.6% 1.2% +0.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Personal remittances received
% of GDP
32.3% 1.4% +30.9 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Employment and occupations

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the unemployment rate
% of the labour force aged 15 and over
10.5% 5.9% +4.5 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
ILO estimate of youth unemployment
% of the labour force aged 15 to 24
20.6% 10.5% +10.1 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Labour force participation
% of working-age population aged 15 and over
39.2% 61.9% −22.7 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Women's labour force participation
% of women aged 15 and over
27.5% 56.4% −29.0 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment-to-population ratio
% of population aged 15 and over
35.1% 58.3% −23.1 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Employment in agriculture
% of total employment
22.9% 54.5% −31.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in industry
% of total employment
31.3% 10.3% +21.0 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Employment in services
% of total employment
45.8% 35.2% +10.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Economy and productivity

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
GDP in US dollars
current US dollars
US$45.5 billion US$28.9 billion +57.5% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita in US dollars
current US dollars per person
US$1,536 per person US$1,318 per person +16.5% 2025 World Bank
GDP per capita, PPP
constant 2021 international dollars per person
Int$5,277 per person Int$3,742 per person +41.0% 2025 World Bank
GNI per capita, Atlas method
current US dollars per person
US$1,570 per person US$1,200 per person +30.8% 2025 World Bank
Real GDP growth
annual % change
4.4% 3.8% +0.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Services share of GDP
% of GDP
54.4% 57.0% −2.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Investment share of GDP
% of GDP
28.6% 23.8% +4.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Savings share of GDP
% of GDP
36.0% 32.2% +3.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Household consumption per person
constant 2015 US dollars per person
US$732 per person US$604 per person +21.2% 2015 World Bank

Prices and purchasing power

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Consumer price inflation
annual % change
2.7% 13.9% −11.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Consumer price index
index, 2010 = 100
254.6 (2010 = 100) 483.3 (2010 = 100) −228.7 points 2025 World Bank
Inflation measured by the GDP deflator
annual % change
3.1% 5.6% −2.6 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Exchange rate to the US dollar
local currency units per US dollar, annual average
139.115 per US$ 25.276 per US$ +450.4% 2025 World Bank

Housing and households

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Slum population
% of urban population
40.1% 48.3% −8.2 percentage points 2022 World Bank

Education and skills

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
ILO estimate of the youth NEET rate
% of youth aged 15 to 24
30.7% 29.1% +1.6 percentage points 2025 ILOSTAT
Primary completion (UIS)
% of children 3 to 5 years above the final primary grade age
63.6% 61.6% +2.0 percentage points 2007 UNESCO UIS
Lower secondary completion
% of young people 3 to 5 years above the final grade age
42.3% 38.3% +4.0 percentage points 2007 UNESCO UIS
Upper secondary completion
% of young people 3 to 5 years above the final grade age
6.9% 20.9% −14.0 percentage points 2007 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school children
% of children of primary school age
2.0% 3.5% −1.5 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school adolescents
% of adolescents of lower secondary school age
4.6% 12.4% −7.8 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Out-of-school youth
% of youth of upper secondary school age
19.6% 65.6% −46.0 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Primary net enrolment
% of children of primary school age
98.0% 96.5% +1.5 percentage points 2024 UNESCO UIS
Youth literacy
% of people aged 15 to 24
94.2% 84.0% +10.2 percentage points 2019 UNESCO UIS
Qualified primary teachers
% of primary teachers
97.3% 98.8% −1.5 percentage points 2017 UNESCO UIS
Education share of public spending
% of total government expenditure
10.8% 14.5% −3.8 percentage points 2025 UNESCO UIS
Education spending
% of GDP
4.0% 4.1% −0.1 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Primary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official primary school-age population
124.6% 115.6% +9.1 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tertiary education enrolment (gross)
% of the population in the five years after secondary school age
13.3% 4.0% +9.3 percentage points 2011 World Bank
Primary school completion rate
% of the relevant age group
106.3% 81.8% +24.5 percentage points 2013 World Bank
Secondary school enrolment (gross)
% of the official secondary school-age population
90.4% 56.8% +33.6 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Health and healthcare

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Life expectancy estimates and projections
years
70.4 years 66.3 years +6.0% 2023 UN Population Division
Life expectancy at 65, estimates and projections
years
13.9 years 12.8 years +8.0% 2023 UN Population Division
Healthy life expectancy
years
62.1 years 56.2 years +10.5% 2023 WHO
UHC service coverage
index from 0 to 100
58 62 −4 points 2023 WHO
Alcohol consumption
litres of pure alcohol per person aged 15+
2.03 litres 1.85 litres +10.1% 2024 WHO
Adult obesity
% of adults aged 18+
8.0% 11.6% −3.6 percentage points 2024 WHO
Hypertension
% of adults aged 30 to 79
36.1% 32.3% +3.8 percentage points 2019 WHO
Suicide rate
deaths per 100,000 people
18.0 per 100,000 people 20.7 per 100,000 people −2.7 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Premature NCD mortality
% probability
18.2% 21.6% −3.4 percentage points 2023 WHO
Physical inactivity
% of adults aged 18+
7.7% 11.6% −4.0 percentage points 2022 WHO
DTP3 immunisation
% of one-year-olds
96% 91% +5.0 percentage points 2025 WHO
Anaemia in women
% of women aged 15 to 49
33.2% 27.1% +6.1 percentage points 2023 WHO
Poisoning deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
2.2 per 100,000 people 1.1 per 100,000 people +1.1 per 100,000 people 2023 WHO
Nurses and midwives
per 10,000 people
41.6 per 10,000 people 16.7 per 10,000 people +24.9 per 10,000 people 2024 WHO
Dentists
per 10,000 people
1.80 per 10,000 people 0.11 per 10,000 people +1.69 per 10,000 people 2024 WHO
Life expectancy at birth
years
70.6 years 66.5 years +6.2% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, women
years
72.1 years 68.9 years +4.7% 2024 World Bank
Life expectancy at birth, men
years
69.1 years 64.1 years +7.8% 2024 World Bank
Health spending share of GDP
% of GDP
6.2% 6.0% +0.2 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Under-five mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
25.1 per 1,000 live births 48.4 per 1,000 live births −23.3 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Infant mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
22.2 per 1,000 live births 34.6 per 1,000 live births −12.4 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Maternal mortality ratio
maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
142 per 100,000 live births 85 per 100,000 live births +57 per 100,000 live births 2023 World Bank
Physicians
physicians per 1,000 people
0.88 per 1,000 people 0.30 per 1,000 people +0.59 per 1,000 people 2021 World Bank
Hospital beds
beds per 1,000 people
0.3 per 1,000 people 2.0 per 1,000 people −1.8 per 1,000 people 2010 World Bank
Measles immunisation
% of children aged 12 to 23 months
97% 88% +9.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Tobacco use
% of adults aged 15 and over
28.7% 14.3% +14.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Out-of-pocket health spending
% of current health expenditure
59.4% 10.3% +49.1 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Health spending per person
current US dollars per person
US$84 per person US$80 per person +5.5% 2023 World Bank
Diabetes prevalence
% of population aged 20 to 79
7.7% 10.3% −2.6 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Neonatal mortality rate
deaths per 1,000 live births
15.3 per 1,000 live births 21.4 per 1,000 live births −6.1 per 1,000 live births 2024 World Bank
Child stunting
% of children under 5
55.6% 48.6% +7.0 percentage points 1996 World Bank
Malaria incidence
new cases per 1,000 people at risk
0.0 per 1,000 at risk 252.4 per 1,000 at risk −252.4 per 1,000 at risk 2024 World Bank
Tuberculosis incidence
new cases per 100,000 people
227 per 100,000 people 272 per 100,000 people −45 per 100,000 people 2024 World Bank
HIV incidence
new infections per 1,000 uninfected people aged 15 to 49
0.10 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2.80 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 −2.70 per 1,000 people aged 15 to 49 2024 World Bank

Internet and digital society

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Internet users
% of population
46.3% 17.1% +29.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Mobile subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
100 per 100 people 109 per 100 people −9 per 100 people 2024 World Bank
Fixed broadband subscriptions
subscriptions per 100 people
10.1 per 100 people 0.8 per 100 people +9.3 per 100 people 2024 World Bank

Business and industry

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Industry share of GDP
% of GDP
12.1% 35.3% −23.3 percentage points 2025 World Bank
New businesses registered
new limited liability companies
25,859 companies 10,736 companies +140.9% 2020 World Bank
Medium and high-tech manufacturing
% of manufacturing value added
10.5% 18.6% −8.1 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Manufacturing share of GDP
% of GDP
5.0% 8.7% −3.8 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Trade and investment

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Exports share of GDP
% of GDP
7.6% 35.0% −27.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Imports share of GDP
% of GDP
32.6% 27.6% +5.1 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Trade as a share of GDP
% of GDP
40.2% 62.5% −22.4 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Foreign direct investment inflows
% of GDP
0.1% 4.5% −4.4 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Current account balance
% of GDP
10.7% -5.5% +16.1 percentage points 2025 World Bank
High-technology exports
% of manufactured exports
0.6% 0.7% −0.1 percentage points 2022 World Bank

Transport and mobility

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Road traffic deaths
deaths per 100,000 people
16.3 per 100,000 people 20.5 per 100,000 people −4.2 per 100,000 people 2019 World Bank
Air passengers carried
passengers
4,289,298 passengers 321,739 passengers +1,233.2% 2023 World Bank

Energy and electricity

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Access to electricity
% of population
97.9% 53.6% +44.3 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Clean cooking access
% of population
45.0% 10.0% +35.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Renewable energy share
% of total final energy consumption
73.7% 83.0% −9.3 percentage points 2021 World Bank
Fossil electricity share
% of total electricity production
0.0% 11.1% −11.1 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Net energy imports
% of energy use
27.8% 12.7% +15.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank

Climate and emissions

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Temperature change
°C difference from the 1951 to 1980 average
1.43 °Ce (Estimated value) 1.11 °Ce (Estimated value) +0.32 °C 2025 FAOSTAT
Agrifood emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
1.16 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) 3.70 t CO2e per persone (Estimated value) −68.7% 2024 FAOSTAT
Total greenhouse gas emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
41.5 Mt CO2e 38.5 Mt CO2e +7.7% 2024 World Bank
Greenhouse gas emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
1.4 t CO2e per person 1.8 t CO2e per person −22.6% 2024 World Bank
CO2 emissions per person
tonnes of CO2 per person
0.54 t CO2 per person 0.54 t CO2 per person −1.3% 2024 World Bank
Methane emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
20.6 Mt CO2e 18.3 Mt CO2e +12.7% 2024 World Bank
Nitrous oxide emissions
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
4.98 Mt CO2e 8.67 Mt CO2e −42.5% 2024 World Bank

Air quality and ecosystems

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
PM2.5 air pollution
micrograms per cubic metre
46.6 µg/m³ 14.8 µg/m³ +215.0% 2023 WHO
Forest area
% of land area
43.6% 60.5% −16.9 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Protected areas
% of total territorial area
23.6% 41.3% −17.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank
PM2.5 air pollution exposure
micrograms per cubic metre
53.2 µg/m³ 20.2 µg/m³ +162.8% 2023 World Bank
Terrestrial protected areas
% of land area
23.6% 41.3% −17.7 percentage points 2025 World Bank

Water, sanitation and waste

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Basic drinking water access
% of population
93.6% 73.4% +20.2 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Basic sanitation access
% of population
86.0% 37.5% +48.5 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Level of water stress
% of available freshwater resources
8.3% 2.8% +5.5 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Renewable internal freshwater per person
cubic metres per person
6,670 m³ per person 3,980 m³ per person +67.6% 2022 World Bank

Agriculture, food and fisheries

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Cost of a healthy diet
international dollars (PPP) per person per day
Int$4.19 per person per daye (Estimated value) Int$4.18 per person per daye (Estimated value) +0.2% 2025 FAOSTAT
Healthy diet unaffordable
% of the population
17.9%e (Estimated value) 86.2%e (Estimated value) −68.3 percentage points 2025 FAOSTAT
Pesticide use
kg of active ingredients per hectare of cropland
0.60 kg/hae (Estimated value) 1.09 kg/hae (Estimated value) −45.0% 2024 FAOSTAT
Nitrogen fertiliser use
kg of nitrogen (N) per hectare of cropland
41.1 kg/hae (Estimated value) 53.8 kg/hae (Estimated value) −23.6% 2024 FAOSTAT
Agriculture share of GDP
% of GDP
21.6% 4.1% +17.5 percentage points 2025 World Bank
Cereal yield
kilograms per hectare
3,521 kg per hectare 2,318 kg per hectare +51.9% 2024 World Bank
Agricultural land
% of land area
26.1% 32.1% −6.0 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Capture fisheries production
metric tonnes
21,000 tonnes 122,963 tonnes −82.9% 2024 World Bank
Prevalence of undernourishment
% of population
5.2% 41.0% −35.8 percentage points 2024 World Bank
Food production index
index, 2014 to 2016 = 100
123.2 (2014-16 = 100) 107.7 (2014-16 = 100) +14.4% 2024 World Bank
Fertiliser use
kilograms per hectare of arable land
67.8 kg per hectare 78.9 kg per hectare −14.0% 2024 World Bank
Land area
square kilometres
143,350 km² 743,390 km² −80.7% 2024 World Bank

Poverty and social protection

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Gini index
Gini index, 0 to 100
30.0 (0 to 100) 51.5 (0 to 100) −21.5 points 2022 World Bank
Income share held by the richest 10%
% of total income or consumption
24.2% 39.1% −14.9 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Extreme poverty rate
% of population
2.4% 71.7% −69.3 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Poverty rate at national poverty lines
% of population
20.3% 60.0% −39.7 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Poverty rate at $4.20 a day (2021 PPP)
% of population
9.1% 81.4% −72.3 percentage points 2022 World Bank
Poverty rate at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP)
% of population
52.7% 94.0% −41.3 percentage points 2022 World Bank

Government finance and taxation

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Tax revenue
% of GDP
13.9% 17.3% −3.3 percentage points 2023 World Bank
Central government expense
% of GDP
19.4% 25.1% −5.7 percentage points 2021 World Bank

Science and innovation

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
R&D spending share of GDP
% of GDP
0.05% 0.28% −0.22 percentage points 2008 World Bank
Scientific and technical journal articles
articles, fractional count
1,591 articles 367 articles +333.1% 2023 World Bank

Crime, justice and public safety

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Intentional homicides
victims per 100,000 people
2.1 per 100,000 people 5.2 per 100,000 people −3.1 per 100,000 people 2015 World Bank

Culture, society and wellbeing

MeasureNepalZambiaNepal compared with ZambiaPeriodSource
Women in national parliament
% of seats in the single or lower chamber
33.1% 15.0% +18.1 percentage points 2024 World Bank

The difference column shows Nepal compared with Zambia: in percentage points for percentages, in the same unit for rates per population and index values, and in percent for other measures.

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