Scientific and technical journal articles
Scientific and engineering articles published in peer-reviewed journals, counted by the authors' institutional addresses. Articles with authors in several countries are split proportionally.
Trend over time
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The chart shows a calculation from the published values. The table below keeps the published values.
Articles, fractional count. Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gaps mean no published value; points are not joined across missing years.
| Period | Botswana | Namibia |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 384 articles | 231 articles |
| 2022 | 391 articles | 214 articles |
| 2021 | 377 articles | 234 articles |
| 2020 | 319 articles | 209 articles |
| 2019 | 302 articles | 153 articles |
| 2018 | 283 articles | 154 articles |
| 2017 | 234 articles | 112 articles |
| 2016 | 231 articles | 99 articles |
| 2015 | 157 articles | 98 articles |
| 2014 | 199 articles | 88 articles |
| 2013 | 165 articles | 82 articles |
| 2012 | 157 articles | 64 articles |
| 2011 | 168 articles | 49 articles |
| 2010 | 162 articles | 38 articles |
| 2009 | 168 articles | 32 articles |
| 2008 | 164 articles | 32 articles |
| 2007 | 152 articles | 40 articles |
| 2006 | 185 articles | 34 articles |
| 2005 | 121 articles | 53 articles |
| 2004 | 133 articles | 33 articles |
| 2003 | 120 articles | 46 articles |
| 2002 | 117 articles | 36 articles |
| 2001 | 102 articles | 45 articles |
| 2000 | 112 articles | 21 articles |
| 1999 | 89 articles | 29 articles |
A dash means no value was published for that period.
About this measure
Source and dates
Latest value for each country Each value is the country's most recent figure. Years differ, so check the period beside each value before comparing.
- 1 China 932,712 articles2023
- 2 United States 430,843 articles2023
- 3 India 228,174 articles2023
- 4 Germany 108,782 articles2023
- 5 United Kingdom 97,536 articles2023
- 6 Japan 96,543 articles2023
- 7 Russia 85,558 articles2023
- 8 Italy 82,771 articles2023
- 9 South Korea 71,724 articles2023
- 10 Canada 63,720 articles2023
- 11 France 62,180 articles2023
- 12 Spain 60,304 articles2023
- 13 Brazil 58,292 articles2023
- 14 Iran 55,085 articles2023
- 15 Australia 54,589 articles2023
- 16 Türkiye 50,180 articles2023
- 17 Indonesia 38,992 articles2023
- 18 Netherlands 32,207 articles2023
- 19 Poland 31,218 articles2023
- 20 Saudi Arabia 24,595 articles2023
- 21 Malaysia 23,691 articles2023
- 22 Egypt 22,854 articles2023
- 23 Switzerland 22,804 articles2023
- 24 Sweden 21,244 articles2023
- 25 Pakistan 20,519 articles2023
- 26 Mexico 18,982 articles2023
- 27 Portugal 18,225 articles2023
- 28 Belgium 16,816 articles2023
- 29 Iraq 16,724 articles2023
- 30 Thailand 16,656 articles2023
- 31 Denmark 15,603 articles2023
- 32 Ukraine 15,498 articles2023
- 33 South Africa 14,949 articles2023
- 34 Austria 13,846 articles2023
- 35 Israel 13,844 articles2023
- 36 Norway 13,756 articles2023
- 37 Greece 13,552 articles2023
- 38 Czechia 13,409 articles2023
- 39 Singapore 11,894 articles2023
- 40 Finland 11,224 articles2023
- 41 Romania 10,713 articles2023
- 42 Viet Nam 10,644 articles2023
- 43 Nigeria 9,799 articles2023
- 44 Morocco 9,725 articles2023
- 45 Colombia 9,184 articles2023
- 46 Ireland 8,720 articles2023
- 47 Argentina 8,589 articles2023
- 48 Chile 8,573 articles2023
- 49 Hungary 8,260 articles2023
- 50 Bangladesh 8,259 articles2023
- 51 New Zealand 8,096 articles2023
- 52 Algeria 7,677 articles2023
- 53 United Arab Emirates 7,075 articles2023
- 54 Ethiopia 6,728 articles2023
- 55 Croatia 5,504 articles2023
- 56 Tunisia 5,493 articles2023
- 57 Jordan 5,419 articles2023
- 58 Slovakia 5,332 articles2023
- 59 Peru 5,242 articles2023
- 60 Serbia 5,173 articles2023
- 61 Bulgaria 4,998 articles2023
- 62 Philippines 4,752 articles2023
- 63 Uzbekistan 4,624 articles2023
- 64 Kazakhstan 3,819 articles2023
- 65 Slovenia 3,568 articles2023
- 66 Ecuador 3,530 articles2023
- 67 Ghana 3,270 articles2023
- 68 Lithuania 2,673 articles2023
- 69 Qatar 2,471 articles2023
- 70 Sri Lanka 2,322 articles2023
- 71 Lebanon 2,079 articles2023
- 72 Kenya 2,079 articles2023
- 73 Cyprus 1,764 articles2023
- 74 Estonia 1,754 articles2023
- 75 Latvia 1,736 articles2023
- 76 Oman 1,640 articles2023
- 77 Nepal 1,591 articles2023
- 78 Cameroon 1,547 articles2023
- 79 Azerbaijan 1,544 articles2023
- 80 Tanzania 1,453 articles2023
- 81 Belarus 1,429 articles2023
- 82 Uganda 1,424 articles2023
- 83 Kuwait 1,395 articles2023
- 84 Cuba 1,217 articles2023
- 85 Luxembourg 1,176 articles2023
- 86 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,083 articles2023
- 87 Uruguay 1,060 articles2023
- 88 West Bank and Gaza 862 articles2023
- 89 Armenia 801 articles2023
- 90 Bahrain 718 articles2023
- 91 Iceland 716 articles2023
- 92 Costa Rica 661 articles2023
- 93 Georgia 650 articles2023
- 94 Syria 646 articles2023
- 95 Puerto Rico (US) 605 articles2023
- 96 Zimbabwe 520 articles2023
- 97 Burkina Faso 520 articles2023
- 98 Brunei 502 articles2023
- 99 North Macedonia 499 articles2023
- 100 Malta 498 articles2023
- 101 Kosovo 495 articles2023
- 102 Senegal 490 articles2023
- 103 Venezuela 475 articles2023
- 104 Sudan 471 articles2023
- 105 Libya 443 articles2023
- 106 Benin 437 articles2023
- 107 Rwanda 434 articles2023
- 108 Yemen 404 articles2023
- 109 Côte d'Ivoire 392 articles2023
- 110 Botswana 384 articles2023
- 111 Malawi 378 articles2023
- 112 Zambia 367 articles2023
- 113 Moldova 335 articles2023
- 114 Kyrgyzstan 327 articles2023
- 115 Albania 319 articles2023
- 116 Panama 282 articles2023
- 117 Mongolia 277 articles2023
- 118 North Korea 269 articles2023
- 119 Montenegro 255 articles2023
- 120 Paraguay 253 articles2023
- 121 Trinidad and Tobago 246 articles2023
- 122 Democratic Republic of the Congo 243 articles2023
- 123 Myanmar 234 articles2023
- 124 Namibia 231 articles2023
- 125 Fiji 218 articles2023
- 126 Mauritius 205 articles2023
- 127 Mozambique 205 articles2023
- 128 Cambodia 201 articles2023
- 129 Bolivia 197 articles2023
- 130 Afghanistan 169 articles2023
- 131 Jamaica 161 articles2023
- 132 Tajikistan 158 articles2023
- 133 Madagascar 153 articles2023
- 134 Somalia, Fed. Rep. 152 articles2023
- 135 Togo 136 articles2023
- 136 Honduras 130 articles2023
- 137 Mali 117 articles2023
- 138 Guatemala 109 articles2023
- 139 Dominican Republic 105 articles2023
- 140 Bhutan 103 articles2023
- 141 Republic of the Congo 96 articles2023
- 142 Gabon 91 articles2023
- 143 Niger 90 articles2023
- 144 Sierra Leone 86 articles2023
- 145 Gambia 80 articles2023
- 146 Laos 72 articles2023
- 147 Papua New Guinea 70 articles2023
- 148 El Salvador 65 articles2023
- 149 Lesotho 60 articles2023
- 150 Barbados 57 articles2023
- 151 Guinea 55 articles2023
- 152 Chad 52 articles2023
- 153 Liechtenstein 51 articles2023
- 154 Angola 50 articles2023
- 155 Guyana 50 articles2023
- 156 Mauritania 47 articles2023
- 157 Grenada 42 articles2023
- 158 Nicaragua 41 articles2023
- 159 Greenland 38 articles2023
- 160 Haiti 38 articles2023
- 161 Monaco 37 articles2023
- 162 Burundi 36 articles2023
- 163 Saint Kitts and Nevis 36 articles2023
- 164 Maldives 32 articles2023
- 165 Liberia 32 articles2023
- 166 Turkmenistan 31 articles2023
- 167 Eswatini 31 articles2023
- 168 Eritrea 29 articles2023
- 169 Suriname 26 articles2023
- 170 Central African Republic 26 articles2023
- 171 Samoa 22 articles2023
- 172 Timor-Leste 21 articles2023
- 173 San Marino 20 articles2023
- 174 Cabo Verde 18 articles2023
- 175 Belize 18 articles2023
- 176 Djibouti 17 articles2023
- 177 South Sudan 17 articles2023
- 178 Seychelles 15 articles2023
- 179 Bahamas 15 articles2023
- 180 Solomon Islands 15 articles2023
- 181 Guinea-Bissau 14 articles2023
- 182 Antigua and Barbuda 13 articles2023
- 183 Vanuatu 12 articles2023
- 184 Andorra 11 articles2023
- 185 Comoros 8 articles2023
- 186 Palau 5 articles2023
- 187 Tonga 5 articles2023
- 188 São Tomé and Príncipe 5 articles2023
- 189 Micronesia 4 articles2023
- 190 Dominica 4 articles2023
- 191 Equatorial Guinea 3 articles2023
- 192 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3 articles2023
- 193 Saint Lucia 3 articles2023
- 194 Kiribati 2 articles2023
- 195 Marshall Islands 1 articles2023
- 196 Tuvalu 0 articles2023
- 197 Naoero 0 articles2023
- East Asia and Pacific 1,304,927 articles2023
- Euro area 457,629 articles2023
- Europe and Central Asia 865,613 articles2023
- European Union 558,077 articles2023
- Latin America and Caribbean 118,409 articles2023
- Middle East and North Africa 200,353 articles2023
- North America 494,654 articles2023
- OECD members 1,496,353 articles2023
- South Asia 240,481 articles2023
- Sub-Saharan Africa 48,023 articles2023
- World 3,271,296 articles2023
Below the line: groups and aggregates, not ranked.
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Related measures
- Researchers per million peopleWorld Bank
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Grey: no value. Colour groups split countries into roughly equal numbers. Boundaries: Natural Earth.